{ "generatedAt": "2026-06-05", "topic": "Criminalisation of consensual same-sex sexual acts", "sourceSet": [ { "id": "ilga-csssa", "label": "ILGA World Database", "topic": "Criminalisation of consensual same-sex sexual acts", "url": "https://database.ilga.org/criminalisation-consensual-same-sex-sexual-acts" } ], "stats": { "totalEntries": 364, "uniqueCountries": 239, "notCriminalised": 235, "criminalised": 126, "deathPenalty": 30, "unclear": 3, "penalties": { "Death Penalty (possible)": 12, "No criminalisation": 235, "Up to 8 years imprisonment": 44, "10 years to life in prison": 50, "Death Penalty": 18, "De facto criminalisation": 2, "Criminalisation Varies": 2, "Unclear": 1 } }, "entries": [ { "id": "1", "slug": "afghanistan", "displayName": "Afghanistan", "country": "Afghanistan", "countryCode": "AF", "jurisdictionId": "UN-001", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "death-penalty", "penalty": { "id": "6", "name": "Death Penalty (possible)", "color": "#D6643A" }, "deathPenalty": "No legal certainty", "maxPrisonYears": 2, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2018, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "2", "21", "26", "45", "57" ], "summary": "Since the takeover by the Taliban in August 2021 as Afghanistan’s de facto government, the extent to which the legal frameworks of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan are still in force has become unclear. In August 2021, senior commander Waheedullah Hashimi...", "sources": [ { "id": "529287", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "AF - LEG - Penal Code (2017) - OR(ps).PDF", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Pashto" }, { "id": "529288", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "AF - LEG - Propagating Virtue and Preventing Vice Law (2024) - OR-OFF (ps).pdf", "translatedFilename": "AF - LEG - Propagating Virtue and Preventing Vice Law (2024) - TR (en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": "Pashto" } ] }, { "id": "2", "slug": "albania", "displayName": "Albania", "country": "Albania", "countryCode": "AL", "jurisdictionId": "UN-002", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1995, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 3, "regionIds": [ "11", "27", "38", "41", "43", "45", "46", "50", "57" ], "summary": "The *Penal Code* (1977) criminalised “pederasty” under Article 137 with deprivation of liberty for up to ten years. The *Penal Code* (1995) enacted in 1995 maintained, however, a crime of “homosexuality” under Article 116, which penalised non-consensual...", "sources": [ { "id": "529289", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "AL - LEG - Penal Code (1977) - OR(sq).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Albanian" }, { "id": "529290", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "AL - LEG - Penal Code (1995) - OR(sq).pdf", "translatedFilename": "AL - LEG - Criminal Code (1995) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": "Albanian" }, { "id": "529291", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "AL - LEG - Law No. 8,733 (2001) - OR(sq).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Albanian" } ] }, { "id": "3", "slug": "algeria", "displayName": "Algeria", "country": "Algeria", "countryCode": "DZ", "jurisdictionId": "UN-003", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "4", "name": "Up to 8 years imprisonment", "color": "#EDB795" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 2, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": 1966, "lastAmendedYear": 1966, "hasFine": true, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "1", "14", "31", "32", "45", "47", "57" ], "summary": "Article 333 of the *Penal Code* (1966) criminalises “public indecency” with a prison sentence of between 2 months and 2 years, with a fine of 500 to 2000 Algerian Dinars.\nUnder Article 338 this is expanded to note that any person found guilty of “an act of...", "sources": [ { "id": "529292", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "DZ - LEG - Penal Code (1966) - OR(fr).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "French" } ] }, { "id": "4", "slug": "andorra", "displayName": "Andorra", "country": "Andorra", "countryCode": "AD", "jurisdictionId": "UN-004", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1990, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "11", "27", "38", "41", "46", "57" ], "summary": "Although France decriminalised consensual same-sex sexual acts between adults in 1791 when Andorra was still a co-principality with France, there is no evidence that securely determines that the 1791 *Penal Code* did apply in the territory. Therefore, it is...", "sources": [ { "id": "529293", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "FR - LEG - Penal Code (1791) - OR-OFF(fr).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "French" }, { "id": "529294", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "AD - LEG - Penal Code (2005) - TR(fr).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "French" } ] }, { "id": "5", "slug": "angola", "displayName": "Angola", "country": "Angola", "countryCode": "AO", "jurisdictionId": "UN-005", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2021, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "1", "23", "24", "31", "32", "57" ], "summary": "Articles 70 and 71(4) of the Penal Code (1886), inherited from the Portuguese colonial era and as amended in 1954, imposed \"security measures\" on people who \"habitually practice acts against nature\". The security measures included a bond of good behaviour,...", "sources": [ { "id": "529295", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "AO - LEG - Penal Code - Law No. 38-20 (2020) - OR-OFF(pt).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Portuguese" } ] }, { "id": "6", "slug": "antigua-and-barbuda", "displayName": "Antigua and Barbuda", "country": "Antigua and Barbuda", "countryCode": "AG", "jurisdictionId": "UN-006", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2022, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 1995, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "3", "8", "13", "18", "30", "35", "37", "44", "57" ], "summary": "Consensual-same sex sexual acts were decriminalised in July 2022 when the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court ruled in *Orden David et al. v. Attorney General of Antigua And Barbuda* (2022) that Sections 12 and 15 of the *Sexual Offences Act* (1995) violated the...", "sources": [ { "id": "529296", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "AG - JUD (SUP) - Orden David et al v The Attorney General of Antigua and Barbuda (2022) - OR-OFF (en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529297", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "AG - LEG - Sexual Offences Act (1995) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "7", "slug": "argentina", "displayName": "Argentina", "country": "Argentina", "countryCode": "AR", "jurisdictionId": "UN-007", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1903, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 7, "regionIds": [ "12", "13", "18", "20", "29", "42", "44", "48", "50", "52", "57" ], "summary": "*Law No. 1,920* (1886) enacted Argentina’s first federal Penal Code, which entered into force in 1887. Article 129(d) of this Code indicated that the penalty established for the crimes of rape and outrage to decency would also apply to the crime of “sodomy”....", "sources": [ { "id": "529298", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "AR - LEG - Penal Code (1886) - OR(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" }, { "id": "529299", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "AR - LEG - Law no. 4,189 (1903) - OR-OFF(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" }, { "id": "529300", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "AR-B - LEG - Ley No. 8031 (1973) - OR-OFF(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" }, { "id": "529301", "order": 4, "section": null, "filename": "AR-B - LEG - Ley No. 8797 (1977) - OR-OFF(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" }, { "id": "529302", "order": 5, "section": null, "filename": "AR-B - LEG - Ley No. 13887 (2008) - OR-OFF(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" }, { "id": "529303", "order": 6, "section": null, "filename": "AR-B - LEG - Ley No. 5109 (1946) - OR-OFF(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" }, { "id": "529304", "order": 7, "section": null, "filename": "AR - LEG - Proyecto de Ley No. 2526-D-2016 - OR(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" } ] }, { "id": "8", "slug": "armenia", "displayName": "Armenia", "country": "Armenia", "countryCode": "AM", "jurisdictionId": "UN-008", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2003, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "11", "27", "36", "38", "41", "46", "57" ], "summary": "In 2003, Armenia’s former Soviet Union provision that punished consensual sex between adult men with five years of imprisonment (under Article 116), was repealed by the new *Criminal Code* (2003).", "sources": [ { "id": "529305", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "AM - LEG - Penal Code (2003) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "AM - LEG - Penal Code (2003) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": null } ] }, { "id": "9", "slug": "australia", "displayName": "Australia", "country": "Australia", "countryCode": "AU", "jurisdictionId": "UN-009", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1975, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "16", "28", "37", "50", "52", "57" ], "summary": "Decriminalisation of consensual same-sex sexual acts took place variously across the states of Australia between 1975 and 1997. In 1975, South Australia abolished the offences of “buggery”, “gross indecency”, and “soliciting for immoral sexual purposes”, and...", "sources": [ { "id": "529306", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "AU - JUD (UNHRCommittee) - Toonen v. Australia (1994) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529307", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "AU - LEG - Human Rights (Sexual Conduct) Act (1994) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "10", "slug": "australia-australian-capital-territory", "displayName": "Australian Capital Territory, Australia", "country": "Australia", "countryCode": "AU", "jurisdictionId": "UN-009", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "AU-ACT", "name": "Australian Capital Territory", "slug": "australian-capital-territory", "latitude": -35.49127945166593, "longitude": 149.1116478574641 }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1976, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "16", "28", "37", "50", "52", "57" ], "summary": "In 1976, the Federal Government signed the *Law Reform (Sexual Behaviour) Ordinance* (1976), which made it legal for same-sex sexual acts to take place in private. The consent age was lowered to 16 same-sex acts when the first ordinance was repealed by the...", "sources": [ { "id": "529308", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "AU-ACT - LEG - Law Reform (Sexual Behaviour) Ordinance (1976) - OR (en).PDF", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529309", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "AU-ACT - LEG - Crimes (Amendment) Ordinance No. 5 (1985) - OR-OFF (en).PDF", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "11", "slug": "australia-new-south-wales", "displayName": "New South Wales, Australia", "country": "Australia", "countryCode": "AU", "jurisdictionId": "UN-009", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "AU-NSW", "name": "New South Wales", "slug": "new-south-wales", "latitude": -32.37557122762134, "longitude": 146.17058539164654 }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1984, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "16", "28", "37", "50", "52", "57" ], "summary": "In 1984, the New South Wales Government removed the criminal offence for same-sex sexual acts with the *Crimes (Amendment) Act* (1984). However, the age of consent remained at 18 years old for same-sex sexual acts, whereas it was 16 years old for...", "sources": [ { "id": "529310", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "AU-NSW - LEG - Crimes (Amendment) Act (1984) - OR (en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529311", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "AU-NSW - LEG - Crimes Amendment (Sexual Offences) Act (2003) - OR (en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "12", "slug": "australia-northern-territory", "displayName": "Northern Territory, Australia", "country": "Australia", "countryCode": "AU", "jurisdictionId": "UN-009", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "AU-NT", "name": "Northern Territory", "slug": "northern-territory", "latitude": -19.532189842625723, "longitude": 133.59397212548083 }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1983, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "16", "28", "37", "50", "52", "57" ], "summary": "After achieving self-government in 1978, the Northern Territory adopted its own *Criminal Code Act* (1983) in 1983, which did not criminalise consensual sexual acts between persons of the same sex.\nThe age of consent for same-sex sexual acts was still higher...", "sources": [ { "id": "529312", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "AU-NT - LEG - Criminal Code Act (1983) - OR-OFF (en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529313", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "AU-NT - LEG - Law Reform (Gender, Sexuality and De Facto Relationships) Act (2003) - OR-OFF (en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "13", "slug": "australia-queensland", "displayName": "Queensland, Australia", "country": "Australia", "countryCode": "AU", "jurisdictionId": "UN-009", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "AU-QLD", "name": "Queensland", "slug": "queensland", "latitude": -22.82837407419897, "longitude": 144.20396332292188 }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1990, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "16", "28", "37", "50", "52", "57" ], "summary": "In 1990, the Queensland Government abolished any offence relating to same-sex sexual activities with the *Criminal Code and Another Act Amendment Act* (1990). The age of consent for anal intercourse (either same-sex or different-sex partners) remained at 18...", "sources": [ { "id": "529314", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "AU-QLD - LEG - The Criminal Code and Another Act Amendment Act (1990) - OR-OFF (en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "14", "slug": "australia-south-australia", "displayName": "South Australia, Australia", "country": "Australia", "countryCode": "AU", "jurisdictionId": "UN-009", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "AU-SA", "name": "South Australia", "slug": "south-australia", "latitude": -29.303400003368385, "longitude": 135.22456212119369 }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1975, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "16", "28", "37", "50", "52", "57" ], "summary": "In 1975, the *Criminal Law (Sexual Offences) Amendment Act* (1975) was adopted. This amendment abolished the offences of \"buggery\", \"gross indecency\", and \"soliciting for immoral sexual purposes\" and provided an equal age of consent for same-sex and...", "sources": [ { "id": "529315", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "AU-SA - LEG - Crimnial Law (Sexual Offences) Amendment Act (1975) - OR (en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "15", "slug": "australia-tasmania", "displayName": "Tasmania, Australia", "country": "Australia", "countryCode": "AU", "jurisdictionId": "UN-009", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "AU-TAS", "name": "Tasmania", "slug": "tasmania", "latitude": -41.88072819488024, "longitude": 146.52793047336078 }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1997, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 3, "regionIds": [ "16", "28", "37", "50", "52", "57" ], "summary": "After the UN Human Rights Committee's decision in *Toonen v. Australia* (1994), the Tasmanian Government continued to refuse any amendment to its Criminal Code (which found consensual same-sex sexual acts to be a criminal offence). When the Federal Government...", "sources": [ { "id": "529316", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "AU - JUD (UNHRCommittee) - Toonen v. Australia (1994) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529317", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "AU - LEG - Human Rights (Sexual Conduct) Act (1994) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529318", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "AU-TAS - LEG - Criminal Code Amendment Act (1997) - OR-OFF (en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "16", "slug": "australia-victoria", "displayName": "Victoria, Australia", "country": "Australia", "countryCode": "AU", "jurisdictionId": "UN-009", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "AU-VIC", "name": "Victoria", "slug": "victoria", "latitude": -36.94552022642362, "longitude": 143.69034893130964 }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1981, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 3, "regionIds": [ "16", "28", "37", "50", "52", "57" ], "summary": "In 1981, the *Crimes (Sexual Offences) Act* (1980) was adopted, which amended the criminal legislation in Victoria so that same-sex sexual offences were removed from Victorian criminal law. However, a last-minute amendment to this legislation allowed for the...", "sources": [ { "id": "529319", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "AU-VIC - LEG - Crimes (Sexual Offences) Act (1980) - OR (en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529320", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "AU-VIC - LEG - Summary Offences Act (1966) - OR (en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529321", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "AU-VIC - LEG - Prostitution Regulation Act (1986) - OR (en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "17", "slug": "australia-western-australia", "displayName": "Western Australia, Australia", "country": "Australia", "countryCode": "AU", "jurisdictionId": "UN-009", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "AU-WA", "name": "Western Australia", "slug": "western-australia", "latitude": -26.23122877911569, "longitude": 121.19804951163492 }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1990, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "16", "28", "37", "50", "52", "57" ], "summary": "In 1990, the *Law Reform (Decriminalisation of Sodomy) Bill* (1989) was adopted. This bill abolished the criminal offence of \"sodomy\". However, the Parliament made it clear in the Preamble that it \"disapproves of sexual relations between persons of the same...", "sources": [ { "id": "529322", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "AU-WA - LEG - Law Reform (Decriminalisation of Sodomy) Act (1989) - OR (en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529323", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "AU-WA - LEG - Acts Amendment (Lesbian and Gay Law Reform) Act (2002) - OR-OFF (en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "18", "slug": "austria", "displayName": "Austria", "country": "Austria", "countryCode": "AT", "jurisdictionId": "UN-010", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1971, "illegalSince": 1852, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "11", "27", "38", "40", "46", "50", "57" ], "summary": "In May 1852, Emperor Franz Josef I enacted a Penal Code (1852) which punished “fornication against nature\", explicitly including same-sex sexual acts under Article 129(I)(b), with five years’ imprisonment. During the period of annexation by Nazi Germany, the...", "sources": [ { "id": "529324", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "AT - LEG - Penal Code (1975) - OR-OFF(de).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "German" }, { "id": "529325", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "AT - LEG - Criminal Law Amendment Act (1996) - OR-OFF(de).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "German" } ] }, { "id": "19", "slug": "azerbaijan", "displayName": "Azerbaijan", "country": "Azerbaijan", "countryCode": "AZ", "jurisdictionId": "UN-011", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2001, "illegalSince": 1923, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "11", "27", "36", "38", "45", "46", "57" ], "summary": "Consensual sex between men was made a crime in 1923 under Article 121 of the Criminal Code of the Azerbaijan SSR and punished with up to five years in prison. In 1960 a new Criminal Code was adopted which penalised consensual same sex acts between men under...", "sources": [ { "id": "529326", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "AZ - LEG - Penal Code (2000) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "AZ - LEG - Penal Code (2000) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": null } ] }, { "id": "20", "slug": "bahamas", "displayName": "Bahamas", "country": "Bahamas", "countryCode": "BS", "jurisdictionId": "UN-012", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1991, "illegalSince": 1861, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "3", "8", "13", "18", "30", "35", "37", "44", "57" ], "summary": "Same-sex sexual acts in private were decriminalised by an amendment to the *Sexual Offences Act* (1989) that came into force in 1991. Under Section 16(1)(2) of the act, the age of consent still differs for same-sex (18) and different-sex (16) sexual acts.", "sources": [ { "id": "529327", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "BS - LEG - Sexual Offences Act (1989) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "21", "slug": "bahrain", "displayName": "Bahrain", "country": "Bahrain", "countryCode": "BH", "jurisdictionId": "UN-013", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1976, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "2", "14", "17", "26", "45", "57" ], "summary": "Repealing the colonial British code that had been widely enforced across the Persian Gulf, Bahrain’s current *Penal Code* (1976) decriminalised consensual same-sex sexual acts between adults. It is noteworthy, however, that in 2018, in response to a specific...", "sources": [ { "id": "529328", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "BH - LEG - Penal Code (1976) - OR(ar).pdf", "translatedFilename": "BH - LEG - Penal Code (1976) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": "Arabic" } ] }, { "id": "22", "slug": "bangladesh", "displayName": "Bangladesh", "country": "Bangladesh", "countryCode": "BD", "jurisdictionId": "UN-014", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "5", "name": "10 years to life in prison", "color": "#F5934B" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "Life in prison", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": 1860, "lastAmendedYear": 1860, "hasFine": true, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "2", "21", "26", "37", "45", "57" ], "summary": "Section 377 of the Penal Code (*Act XLV of 1860*) criminalises “unnatural offences”. This is defined as \"carnal intercourse against the order of nature with any man, woman or animal\", and penetration is \"sufficient to constitute the carnal intercourse\". Those...", "sources": [ { "id": "529329", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "BD - LEG - Penal Code (1860) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "23", "slug": "barbados", "displayName": "Barbados", "country": "Barbados", "countryCode": "BB", "jurisdictionId": "UN-015", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2022, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 1992, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 3, "regionIds": [ "3", "8", "13", "18", "30", "35", "37", "44", "48", "57" ], "summary": "In 2019, ECADE, a coalition of activist organisations from across the Caribbean, announced plans for litigation seeking decriminalisation in Barbados, among other states. In December 2022, the Supreme Court of Barbados ruled in *René Holder-McClean-Ramirez et...", "sources": [ { "id": "529330", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "BB - JUD - SC - René Holder-McClean-Ramirez et al v. Attorney General of Barbados (2022) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529331", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "BB - LEG - Sexual Offences Act (1992) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529332", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "BB - JUD (SUP) - Commissioner of Police v Stephen Alleyne (2022) - OR-OFF (en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "24", "slug": "belarus", "displayName": "Belarus", "country": "Belarus", "countryCode": "BY", "jurisdictionId": "UN-016", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1994, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "7", "11", "27", "36", "46", "57" ], "summary": "Under the first paragraph of Article 119 of the *Criminal Code of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic* (1960, in force 1961), \"sodomy\" between men was punished with imprisonment of up to five years. In 1994, the first paragraph of Article 119 was...", "sources": [ { "id": "529333", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "BY - LEG - Penal Code (1961) - OR(be).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Belarusian" }, { "id": "529334", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "BY - LEG - Law No. 2827-XII (1994) - OR(be).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Belarusian" } ] }, { "id": "25", "slug": "belgium", "displayName": "Belgium", "country": "Belgium", "countryCode": "BE", "jurisdictionId": "UN-017", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1795, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 3, "regionIds": [ "11", "27", "38", "40", "41", "43", "46", "50", "57" ], "summary": "After it came under French control in 1795, and until its independence from the Netherlands in 1830, the criminal law that applied in the territory was the one contained in the French Codes – first the *Penal Code* (1791) and later the *Napoleonic Code of...", "sources": [ { "id": "529335", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "FR - LEG - Penal Code (1791) - OR-OFF(fr).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "French" }, { "id": "529336", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "FR - LEG - Penal Code (1810) - OR(fr).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "French" }, { "id": "529337", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "BE - LEG - Penal Code (1881) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "BE - LEG - Penal Code (1881) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": null } ] }, { "id": "26", "slug": "belize", "displayName": "Belize", "country": "Belize", "countryCode": "BZ", "jurisdictionId": "UN-018", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2016, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "3", "4", "13", "18", "30", "35", "37", "44", "57" ], "summary": "Section 53 of the *Criminal Code* (Revised edition, 2000) criminalised \"Unnatural Crimes\" by establishing that “every person who has carnal intercourse against the order of nature with any person or animal shall be liable to imprisonment for ten years”. This...", "sources": [ { "id": "529338", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "BZ - LEG - Criminal Code (2000) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529339", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "BZ - JUD (COA) - Civil Appeal No. 32 of 2016 (2019) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "27", "slug": "benin", "displayName": "Benin", "country": "Benin", "countryCode": "BJ", "jurisdictionId": "UN-019", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "25", "31", "32", "39", "41", "45", "47", "57" ], "summary": "The *Penal Code* (2018) of Benin does not criminalise consensual same-sex sexual acts between adults. However, attempts were made to formally criminalise same-sex sexual acts in the draft Penal Code of 1996, though these provisions were never voted into law....", "sources": [ { "id": "529340", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "BJ - LEG - Penal Code (2018) OR-OFF(fr).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "French" } ] }, { "id": "28", "slug": "bhutan", "displayName": "Bhutan", "country": "Bhutan", "countryCode": "BT", "jurisdictionId": "UN-020", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2021, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "2", "21", "26", "57" ], "summary": "Article 213 of the *Penal Code* (2004) criminalised “unnatural sex”, which was defined as “sodomy or any other sexual conduct that is against the order of nature”. As it was classified as a \"petty misdemeanour\" under Article 214, it carried a maximum...", "sources": [ { "id": "529341", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "BT - LEG - Penal Code (2004) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "BT - LEG - Penal Code (2004) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": null }, { "id": "529342", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "BT - LEG - Penal Code (Amendment) Act of Bhutan (2021) - OR-OFF(dz).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Dzongkha" } ] }, { "id": "29", "slug": "bolivia", "displayName": "Bolivia", "country": "Bolivia", "countryCode": "BO", "jurisdictionId": "UN-021", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1832, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "12", "13", "18", "20", "29", "33", "44", "48", "57" ], "summary": "The first Criminal Code of Bolivia (1831) entered into force in 1832. This Code largely followed the *Spanish Criminal Code of 1822* that contained no provision on sodomy. There are no criminalising provisions for same-sex sexual acts between consenting...", "sources": [ { "id": "529343", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "ES - LEG - Penal Code (1822) - OR(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" }, { "id": "529344", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "BO - LEG - Penal Code (1972) - OR-OFF(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" } ] }, { "id": "30", "slug": "bosnia-and-herzegovina", "displayName": "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "country": "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "countryCode": "BA", "jurisdictionId": "UN-022", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1991, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 4, "regionIds": [ "11", "27", "38", "46", "57" ], "summary": "There are four different criminal law statutes applicable in Bosnia and Herzegovina: one with national coverage and one for each of the three constituent state entities. Since 1991, the national *Criminal Law Act of Bosnia and Herzegovina* (1991) no longer...", "sources": [ { "id": "529345", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "BA - LEG - Criminal Code (2003) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "BA - LEG - Criminal Code (2003) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": null }, { "id": "529346", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "BA - LEG - Criminal Code Federation of BA (2003) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "BA - LEG - Criminal Code Federation of BA (2003) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": null }, { "id": "529347", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "BA - LEG - Criminal Code Republika of Srpska (2017) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "BA - LEG - Criminal Code Republika of Srpska (2017) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": null }, { "id": "529348", "order": 4, "section": null, "filename": "BA - LEG - Criminal Code Brcko District (2003) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "BA - LEG - Criminal Code Brcko District (2003) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": null } ] }, { "id": "31", "slug": "botswana", "displayName": "Botswana", "country": "Botswana", "countryCode": "BW", "jurisdictionId": "UN-023", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2019, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "1", "23", "24", "31", "32", "37", "57" ], "summary": "The Penal Code (1964), as amended by the Penal Code Amendment Act (2005), contained several provisions that criminalised consensual same-sex intimacy. Article 164 criminalised \"unnatural offences\", defined as \"carnal knowledge of any person against the order...", "sources": [ { "id": "529349", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "BW - JUD (HC) - Letsweletse Motshidiemang v. Attorney General (2019) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "32", "slug": "brazil", "displayName": "Brazil", "country": "Brazil", "countryCode": "BR", "jurisdictionId": "UN-024", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1831, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 3, "regionIds": [ "12", "13", "18", "20", "29", "42", "44", "48", "49", "52", "57" ], "summary": "The first *Criminal Code* (1831) of Brazil contained no provision for sodomy. This Code repealed the crime established under Title XIII, Book V of the colonial law (“*Filipe’s Ordinances*”), which established that that any person who committed the “sin of...", "sources": [ { "id": "529350", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "BR - LEG - Penal Code (1831) - OR-OFF(pt).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Portuguese" }, { "id": "529351", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "BR - LEG - Filipe's Ordinances (1595) - OR(pt).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Portuguese" }, { "id": "529352", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "BR - LEG - Military Penal Code (1969) - OR-OFF(pt).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Portuguese" } ] }, { "id": "33", "slug": "brunei", "displayName": "Brunei", "country": "Brunei", "countryCode": "BN", "jurisdictionId": "UN-025", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "death-penalty", "penalty": { "id": "7", "name": "Death Penalty", "color": "#A03E13" }, "deathPenalty": "Yes", "maxPrisonYears": 30, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": 1951, "lastAmendedYear": 2019, "hasFine": true, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 3, "regionIds": [ "2", "22", "26", "34", "37", "45", "57" ], "summary": "The Sultanate of Brunei runs a dual or hybrid legal system, with common law and Sharia law running parallel.\nUnder Article 82 of the *Syariah Penal Code Order* (SPCO) (2013), the death penalty can be imposed for acts of liwat (sodomy). Article 92(3)...", "sources": [ { "id": "529353", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "BN - LEG - Syariah Penal Code Order (2013) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529354", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "BN - LEG - Chapter 22 Penal Code (1951) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529355", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "BN - LEG - Penal Code (Amendment) Order (2017) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "34", "slug": "bulgaria", "displayName": "Bulgaria", "country": "Bulgaria", "countryCode": "BG", "jurisdictionId": "UN-026", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1968, "illegalSince": 1896, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "7", "11", "27", "38", "40", "41", "43", "46", "57" ], "summary": "Until the liberation of Bulgaria in 1878, the Turkish Imperial Penal Code of 1858 was in force in the country. This Code had no provisions criminalising consensual same-sex sexual acts.\nHowever, Bulgaria's first Criminal Code (1896) criminalised sodomy. In...", "sources": [ { "id": "529356", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "BG - LEG - Penal Code (1968) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "BG - LEG - Penal Code (1968) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": null } ] }, { "id": "35", "slug": "burkina-faso", "displayName": "Burkina Faso", "country": "Burkina Faso", "countryCode": "BF", "jurisdictionId": "UN-027", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "5", "name": "10 years to life in prison", "color": "#F5934B" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 10, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": 2025, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": true, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "25", "31", "32", "39", "41", "45", "47", "57" ], "summary": "No law prohibiting consensual sexual acts between adults of the same sex had been in force in Burkina Faso either before or after its independence from France in 1960. Nor did the *Penal Code* (1996) introduce any punitive measures for such acts.\nHowever, in...", "sources": [ { "id": "529357", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "BF - LEG - Penal Code (1996) - OR(fr).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "French" }, { "id": "529358", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "BF - LEG - Family Code (2025) - OR (fr).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "French" } ] }, { "id": "36", "slug": "burundi", "displayName": "Burundi", "country": "Burundi", "countryCode": "BI", "jurisdictionId": "UN-028", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "4", "name": "Up to 8 years imprisonment", "color": "#EDB795" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 2, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": 2009, "lastAmendedYear": 2009, "hasFine": true, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 3, "regionIds": [ "1", "6", "24", "31", "32", "41", "47", "57" ], "summary": "While the *Constitution* (2005) prohibited same-sex marriage, there was no law against same-sex sexual activity in Burundi until 2009, with the adoption of the *Penal Code* (2009).\nArticle 567 of Section 5 establishes that “anyone who has sex with a person of...", "sources": [ { "id": "529359", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "BI - LEG - Constitution (2005) - OR(fr).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "French" }, { "id": "529360", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "BI - LEG - Penal Code (2009) - OR(fr).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "French" }, { "id": "529361", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "BI - EXE - Ord Education Annex - OR(fr).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "French" } ] }, { "id": "37", "slug": "cambodia", "displayName": "Cambodia", "country": "Cambodia", "countryCode": "KH", "jurisdictionId": "UN-029", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "2", "22", "26", "34", "41", "57" ], "summary": "In 1867, Cambodia became a French Protectorate, thereby coming under French law, which had decriminalised consensual same-sex sexual acts in 1791. Following Cambodia's Independence in 1953, no criminalising provisions on consensual same-sex sexual acts were...", "sources": [ { "id": "529362", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "KH - LEG - Penal Code (2009) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "KH - LEG - Penal Code (2009) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": null } ] }, { "id": "38", "slug": "cameroon", "displayName": "Cameroon", "country": "Cameroon", "countryCode": "CM", "jurisdictionId": "UN-030", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "4", "name": "Up to 8 years imprisonment", "color": "#EDB795" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 5, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": 1972, "lastAmendedYear": 2016, "hasFine": true, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "31", "32", "37", "41", "45", "47", "57" ], "summary": "Cameroon’s first Penal Code, enacted in 1965, did not criminalise consensual same-sex sexual acts. An Ordinance issued in September of 1972 by President Ahmadou Ahidjo introduced Article 347 bis (now 347-1). This amendment took place a few months after the...", "sources": [ { "id": "529363", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "CM - LEG - Penal Code (2016) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "CM - LEG - Penal Code (2016) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": null } ] }, { "id": "39", "slug": "canada", "displayName": "Canada", "country": "Canada", "countryCode": "CA", "jurisdictionId": "UN-031", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1969, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 3, "regionIds": [ "15", "18", "30", "37", "41", "43", "44", "46", "50", "51", "52", "57" ], "summary": "The enactment of the *Criminal Law Amendment Act* (1969) introduced an exemption to the criminalisation of “buggery” between spouses or two consenting persons over 21 years of age.\nIn 1988, Section 159(2)(b) of the *Criminal Code* (1985) replaced the buggery...", "sources": [ { "id": "529364", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "CA - LEG - Criminal Law Amendment Act (Bill C-150) (1969) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529365", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "CA - LEG - Criminal Code (1985) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529366", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "CA - LEG - Bill C-75 (2019) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "40", "slug": "cape-verde", "displayName": "Cape Verde", "country": "Cape Verde", "countryCode": "CV", "jurisdictionId": "UN-032", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2004, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "25", "31", "32", "39", "41", "50", "57" ], "summary": "The *Penal Code* (2003) does not criminalise consensual same-sex sexual acts between adults. However, before it came into force in 2004, Article 71 of the 1886 Penal Code provided for “security measures” for people who habitually practice “vices against the...", "sources": [ { "id": "529367", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "CV - LEG - Penal Code (2003) - OR-OFF(pt).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Portuguese" } ] }, { "id": "41", "slug": "central-african-republic", "displayName": "Central African Republic", "country": "Central African Republic", "countryCode": "CF", "jurisdictionId": "UN-033", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "31", "41", "57" ], "summary": "Since independence from France, the *Penal Code* (2010) of the Central African Republic has not outlawed consensual same-sex sexual acts between adults in private.\nHowever, Article 85 establishes harsher penalties for same-sex sexual acts when compared to...", "sources": [ { "id": "529368", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "CF - LEG - Penal Code (2010) - OR(fr).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "French" } ] }, { "id": "42", "slug": "chad", "displayName": "Chad", "country": "Chad", "countryCode": "TD", "jurisdictionId": "UN-034", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "4", "name": "Up to 8 years imprisonment", "color": "#EDB795" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 2, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": 2017, "lastAmendedYear": 2017, "hasFine": true, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "31", "32", "41", "45", "47", "57" ], "summary": "Since 2017, Article 354 of the *Penal Code* (2017) outlines a penalty of 3 months to 2 years and a fine for “sexual relations with a person of the same gender”.\nBefore 2017, the legal situation was not particularly clear in Chad: Article 272 of the previous...", "sources": [ { "id": "529369", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "TD - LEG - Penal Code (2017) - OR(fr).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "French" } ] }, { "id": "43", "slug": "chile", "displayName": "Chile", "country": "Chile", "countryCode": "CL", "jurisdictionId": "UN-035", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1999, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 4, "regionIds": [ "12", "13", "18", "20", "29", "44", "48", "50", "57" ], "summary": "The *Penal Code* (1874, effective since 1875) criminalised “sodomy”. Article 10 of *Law No. 19,617* (1999) amended Article 365 of the *Penal Code* (2020) by decriminalising consensual same-sex sexual acts between consenting adults. However, that same...", "sources": [ { "id": "529370", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "CL - LEG - Penal Code (1874) - OR-OFF(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" }, { "id": "529371", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "CL - LEG - Law no. 19,617 (1999) - OR-OFF(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" }, { "id": "529372", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "CL - LEG - Penal Code (1874-2020) - OR-OFF(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" }, { "id": "529373", "order": 4, "section": null, "filename": "CL - LEG - Ley 21.483 (2022) - OR-OFF(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" } ] }, { "id": "44", "slug": "china", "displayName": "China", "country": "China", "countryCode": "CN", "jurisdictionId": "UN-036", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1997, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 3, "regionIds": [ "2", "26", "49", "52", "57" ], "summary": "Academic research led by Professors Wenqing Kang and Matthew Sommer shed light on the ways in which Chinese law was historically used to criminalise consensual same-sex sexual acts. The earliest legal provisions prohibiting sexual acts between males can be...", "sources": [ { "id": "529374", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "CN - LEG - Penal Code (1979) - OR(zh).pdf", "translatedFilename": "CN - LEG - Penal Code (1979) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": "Chinese" }, { "id": "529375", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "CN - LEG - Supreme People’s Court pronouncement (1984) - OR(zh).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Chinese" }, { "id": "529376", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "CN - LEG - Penal Code (1997) - OR-OFF(zh).pdf", "translatedFilename": "CN - LEG - Penal Code (1997) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": "Chinese" } ] }, { "id": "45", "slug": "colombia", "displayName": "Colombia", "country": "Colombia", "countryCode": "CO", "jurisdictionId": "UN-037", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1981, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 3, "regionIds": [ "12", "13", "18", "20", "29", "33", "44", "48", "57" ], "summary": "The decriminalisation of “homosexual carnal access” occurred through the repeal of Article 323(2) in the 1980 *Penal Code* (effective 1981). This Penal Code also repealed Article 329, which penalised anyone who designated a facility (or authorised its use)...", "sources": [ { "id": "529377", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "CO - LEG - Penal Code (1980) - OR-OFF(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" }, { "id": "529378", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "CO - JUD - CC - C-507 (1999) - OR-OFF(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" }, { "id": "529379", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "CO - LEG - Executive Order no. 85 (1989) - OR-OFF(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" } ] }, { "id": "46", "slug": "comoros", "displayName": "Comoros", "country": "Comoros", "countryCode": "KM", "jurisdictionId": "UN-038", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "4", "name": "Up to 8 years imprisonment", "color": "#EDB795" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 5, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": 1975, "lastAmendedYear": 1981, "hasFine": true, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "1", "6", "24", "31", "32", "41", "45", "47", "57" ], "summary": "Article 318(3) of the Comorian *Penal Code* (1981) punishes \"improper\" or \"unnatural\" acts with a person of the same sex with up to five years in prison and a fine.\nIn 2014, the Government stated before the UN Human Rights Council that the political majority...", "sources": [ { "id": "529380", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "KM - LEG - Penal Code (1981) - OR(fr).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "French" } ] }, { "id": "47", "slug": "congo", "displayName": "Congo", "country": "Congo", "countryCode": "CG", "jurisdictionId": "UN-039", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "31", "41", "47", "57" ], "summary": "In the Republic of Congo, the *Penal Code* (1836) does not criminalise consensual same-sex sexual acts between adults.\nHowever, Article 331 establishes a higher age of consent: 21 for same-sex sexual acts, as opposed to 18 for different-sex sexual acts. Local...", "sources": [ { "id": "529381", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "CG - LEG - Penal Code (1836) - OR-OFF(fr).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "French" } ] }, { "id": "48", "slug": "costa-rica", "displayName": "Costa Rica", "country": "Costa Rica", "countryCode": "CR", "jurisdictionId": "UN-040", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1971, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 4, "regionIds": [ "4", "12", "13", "18", "29", "44", "48", "50", "57" ], "summary": "The 1941 *Penal Code* criminalised sodomy under Article 233. With the enactment of the 1971 *Penal Code* consensual same-sex acts in private were decriminalised.\nHowever, “scandalous sodomy” remained a misdemeanour under Article 378(15) until it was repealed...", "sources": [ { "id": "529382", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "CR - LEG - Penal Code (1941) - OR-OFF(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" }, { "id": "529383", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "CR - LEG - Penal Code (1971) - OR-OFF(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" }, { "id": "529384", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "CR - LEG - Law No. 8,250 (2002) - OR-OFF(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" }, { "id": "529385", "order": 4, "section": null, "filename": "CR - JUD - Resolucion No. 10.404 (2013) - OR-OFF(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" } ] }, { "id": "49", "slug": "cote-d-ivoire", "displayName": "Cote d'Ivoire", "country": "Cote d'Ivoire", "countryCode": "CI", "jurisdictionId": "UN-041", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "25", "31", "32", "39", "41", "45", "47", "57" ], "summary": "Post-independence from French rule in 1960, Côte d’Ivoire did not criminalise consensual same-sex sexual acts between adults in its *Penal Code* (1981), yet the age of consent differs under sections 413 and 414: 15 for different-sex, and 18 for same-sex...", "sources": [ { "id": "529386", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "CI - LEG - Penal Code (1981) - OR-OFF(fr).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "French" } ] }, { "id": "50", "slug": "croatia", "displayName": "Croatia", "country": "Croatia", "countryCode": "HR", "jurisdictionId": "UN-042", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1977, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "11", "27", "38", "40", "43", "46", "57" ], "summary": "The provisions of the 1951 Yugoslavian Criminal Code regarding consensual same-sex relations were repealed with the adoption of the 1977 Penal Code of the autonomous Socialist Republic of Croatia. That Penal Code was adopted as part of a devolution of...", "sources": [ { "id": "529387", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "HR - LEG - Criminal Code (1997) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "HR - LEG - Criminal Code (1997) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": null } ] }, { "id": "51", "slug": "cuba", "displayName": "Cuba", "country": "Cuba", "countryCode": "CU", "jurisdictionId": "UN-043", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1979, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 3, "regionIds": [ "3", "12", "13", "18", "29", "44", "57" ], "summary": "The Social Defence Code, which deemed “homosexual practices” to be a “social threat” and imposed preventive measures to combat such practices, was repealed in 1979 by the *New Criminal Code* (1979) of Cuba. This Code did not criminalise homosexuality per se....", "sources": [ { "id": "529388", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "CU - LEG - Penal Code (1979) - OR-OFF(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" }, { "id": "529389", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "CU - LEG - Law No. 62 (1987) - OR-OFF(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" }, { "id": "529390", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "CU - LEG - Executive Order-Law No. 175 (1997) - OR-OFF(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" } ] }, { "id": "52", "slug": "cyprus", "displayName": "Cyprus", "country": "Cyprus", "countryCode": "CY", "jurisdictionId": "UN-044", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1998, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "11", "27", "37", "38", "40", "46", "50", "57" ], "summary": "Under Section 171 of the *Criminal Code* (1959) \"unnatural acts\" between men could be punished with imprisonment for five years. This clause was removed in 1998 following the *Modinos v. Cyprus* (1993) case decided by the European Court of Human Rights.\nThe...", "sources": [ { "id": "529391", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "CY - LEG - Criminal Code (1959) - OR-OFF(el).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Greek" }, { "id": "529392", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "CY - JUD - ECHR - Modinos v. Cyprus (1993) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "53", "slug": "czechia", "displayName": "Czechia", "country": "Czechia", "countryCode": "CZ", "jurisdictionId": "UN-045", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1962, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "7", "11", "38", "40", "43", "46", "50", "57" ], "summary": "Consensual same-sex sexual acts were decriminalised in what is today Czechia in 1962, under Czechoslovakia (a sovereign State composed of what is today Czechia and Slovakia, which existed until 1993). Article 241 of the *Criminal Code of Czechoslovakia*...", "sources": [ { "id": "529393", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "CZ - LEG - Criminal Code (1950) - OR(cs).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Czech" }, { "id": "529394", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "CZ - LEG - Criminal Code (1961) - OR(cs).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Czech" } ] }, { "id": "54", "slug": "democratic-republic-of-congo", "displayName": "Democratic Republic of Congo", "country": "Democratic Republic of Congo", "countryCode": "CD", "jurisdictionId": "UN-046", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 3, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "31", "32", "41", "57" ], "summary": "There are no provisions outlawing consensual same-sex sexual acts between adults in the *Penal Code* (1940) of the DRC. However, since 2010, several Members of Parliament have made repeated attempts to introduce legislation aimed at criminalising such acts,...", "sources": [ { "id": "529395", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "CD - LEG - Penal Code (1940) - OR-OFF(fr).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "French" }, { "id": "529396", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "CD - LEG - Bill Criminalising Homosexuality (2024) - OR(fr).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "French" }, { "id": "529397", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "CD - EXE - Letter by Constant Mutamba to Attorney General (2024) - OR(fr).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "French" } ] }, { "id": "55", "slug": "denmark", "displayName": "Denmark", "country": "Denmark", "countryCode": "DK", "jurisdictionId": "UN-047", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1933, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "11", "27", "38", "40", "43", "46", "50", "57" ], "summary": "Replacing a Criminal Code and a series of laws that criminalised \"sodomy\", the 1930 *Penal Code* (effective 1933) removed provisions on consensual same-sex sexual acts.", "sources": [ { "id": "529398", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "DK - LEG - Criminal Code (1930) - OR(da).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Danish" } ] }, { "id": "56", "slug": "djibouti", "displayName": "Djibouti", "country": "Djibouti", "countryCode": "DJ", "jurisdictionId": "UN-048", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "1", "6", "14", "24", "31", "32", "41", "45", "57" ], "summary": "The *Penal Code* (1995) contains no provisions prohibiting consensual same-sex sexual acts between adults. Some sources, however, indicate that LGBT people may be targeted under laws on \"good morals\".", "sources": [ { "id": "529399", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "DJ - LEG - Penal Code (1995) - OR(fr).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "French" } ] }, { "id": "57", "slug": "dominica", "displayName": "Dominica", "country": "Dominica", "countryCode": "DM", "jurisdictionId": "UN-049", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2024, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 1998, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "3", "8", "13", "18", "30", "35", "37", "41", "44", "57" ], "summary": "Until April 2024, Section 16 of the *Sexual Offences Act* (1998) punished the crime of \"buggery\" with imprisonment of up to 10 years, and if deemed fit by the court, the convicted person could be sent to a psychiatric hospital for treatment, making Dominica...", "sources": [ { "id": "529400", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "DM - LEG - Sexual Offences Act (1998) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529401", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "DM - JUD - B.G. v. Attorney General of the Commonwealth of Dominica et al. (2024) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "58", "slug": "dominican-republic", "displayName": "Dominican Republic", "country": "Dominican Republic", "countryCode": "DO", "jurisdictionId": "UN-050", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1822, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "3", "12", "13", "18", "29", "44", "48", "57" ], "summary": "The first Criminal Code in force in the Dominican Republic, imposed after the Haitian invasion in 1822, did not criminalise consensual same-sex sexual acts between adults in private.\nThe new *Criminal Code* (2007) does not innovate in this regard. However,...", "sources": [ { "id": "529402", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "DO - LEG - Penal Code (2007) - OR-OFF(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" }, { "id": "529403", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "DO - LEG - Police Justice Code (1966) - OR-OFF(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" } ] }, { "id": "59", "slug": "east-timor", "displayName": "East Timor", "country": "East Timor", "countryCode": "TL", "jurisdictionId": "UN-051", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1975, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "2", "22", "26", "57" ], "summary": "East Timor became independent from Portugal in 1975, approximately eight years before Portugal decriminalised \"sodomy\". That same year, the country was invaded and annexed by Indonesia, which did not explicitly criminalise same-sex acts under its existing...", "sources": [ { "id": "529404", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "TL - LEG - Penal Code (2009) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "TL - LEG - Penal Code (2009) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": null } ] }, { "id": "60", "slug": "ecuador", "displayName": "Ecuador", "country": "Ecuador", "countryCode": "EC", "jurisdictionId": "UN-052", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1997, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 4, "regionIds": [ "12", "13", "18", "20", "29", "33", "44", "48", "50", "57" ], "summary": "Article 516(1) of the *Penal Code* (1971) imposed a penalty of 4-8 years in prison for “acts of homosexuality” which did not fall under the crime of rape. This provision was repealed by the Constitutional Court in *Case No. 111-97-TC* (1997).\nIn 2014, a new...", "sources": [ { "id": "529405", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "EC - LEG - Penal Code (1971) - OR(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" }, { "id": "529406", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "EC - JUD - CC - Case No. 111-97-TC (1997) - OR(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" }, { "id": "529407", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "EC - LEG - Penal Code (2014) - OR-OFF(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" }, { "id": "529408", "order": 4, "section": null, "filename": "EC - SUP - IACHR Flor Freire v Ecuador (2016) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "EC - SUP - IACHR Flor Freire v Ecuador (2016) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": null } ] }, { "id": "61", "slug": "egypt", "displayName": "Egypt", "country": "Egypt", "countryCode": "EG", "jurisdictionId": "UN-053", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "3", "name": "De facto criminalisation", "color": "#F0DACA" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "Varies", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 1961, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "1", "14", "31", "32", "41", "45", "57" ], "summary": "There is no law that explicitly criminalises same-sex sexual activity in Egypt. However, *Law No. 10/1961 on the Combating of Prostitution* (1961) is selectively used to target individuals of diverse sexual orientations and gender identities. The main charges...", "sources": [ { "id": "529409", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "EG - LEG - Law No. 10-1961 on the Combating of Prostitution (1961) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "EG - LEG - Law No. 10-1961 on the Combating of Prostitution (1961) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": null } ] }, { "id": "62", "slug": "el-salvador", "displayName": "El Salvador", "country": "El Salvador", "countryCode": "SV", "jurisdictionId": "UN-054", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1826, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "4", "12", "13", "18", "29", "44", "48", "57" ], "summary": "The first *Penal Code* (1826) of El Salvador was enacted following the *Spanish Criminal Code* (1822) that contained no provisions on consensual same-sex sexual acts between adults, and repealed other existing colonial laws that punished “sodomy”.\nIn 2003,...", "sources": [ { "id": "529410", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "SV - LEG - Penal Code (1826) - OR-OFF(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" }, { "id": "529411", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "ES - LEG - Penal Code (1822) - OR(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" } ] }, { "id": "63", "slug": "equatorial-guinea", "displayName": "Equatorial Guinea", "country": "Equatorial Guinea", "countryCode": "GQ", "jurisdictionId": "UN-055", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 3, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "31", "32", "41", "57" ], "summary": "Though the *Penal Code* (1963), amended by *Law No. 2* (1967), was in force in Equatorial Guinea is a revision of the Spanish Criminal Code that dates back to the Francoist era during which same-sex sexual acts were illegal in Spain, the law does not contain...", "sources": [ { "id": "529412", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "GQ - LEG - Penal Code (1963) - OR(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" }, { "id": "529413", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "GQ - LEG - Law No. 2 (1967) - OR(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" }, { "id": "529414", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "GQ - LEG - Military Penal Code - OR-OFF(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" } ] }, { "id": "64", "slug": "eritrea", "displayName": "Eritrea", "country": "Eritrea", "countryCode": "ER", "jurisdictionId": "UN-056", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "4", "name": "Up to 8 years imprisonment", "color": "#EDB795" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 7, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2015, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "1", "6", "14", "24", "31", "32", "57" ], "summary": "The first *Penal Code* (1957), which was inherited from Ethiopian rule, contained a “sexual deviations” chapter under which Article 600 established that sexual acts, or any other \"indecent act\", with a person of the same sex was punishable with 10 days to 3...", "sources": [ { "id": "529415", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "ET - LEG - Penal Code (1957) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "ET - LEG - Penal Code (1957) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": null }, { "id": "529416", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "ER - LEG - Penal Code (2015) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "65", "slug": "estonia", "displayName": "Estonia", "country": "Estonia", "countryCode": "EE", "jurisdictionId": "UN-057", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1992, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "7", "11", "27", "38", "40", "43", "46", "50", "57" ], "summary": "Article 118 of the Estonian Penal Code (from the days of the Soviet Union) prohibited \"anal intercourse between men\". Upon regaining its sovereignty from the Soviet Union in 1991, Estonia enacted its own *Penal Code* (1992) that removed criminalising...", "sources": [ { "id": "529417", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "EE - LEG - Criminal Code (2001) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "EE - LEG - Criminal Code (2001) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": null } ] }, { "id": "66", "slug": "eswatini", "displayName": "Eswatini", "country": "Eswatini", "countryCode": "SZ", "jurisdictionId": "UN-058", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "4", "name": "Up to 8 years imprisonment", "color": "#EDB795" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "Unknown", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 1907, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "1", "23", "24", "31", "37", "57" ], "summary": "Same-sex sexual activity is criminalised despite no law explicitly outlining this, as Section 252(1) of the *Constitution* (2005) states that Roman-Dutch Common Law, as interpreted in 1907, applies to any regulations or laws in place prior to independence in...", "sources": [ { "id": "529418", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "EZ - LEG - The Constitution of the Kingdom of Swaziland Act (2005) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "67", "slug": "ethiopia", "displayName": "Ethiopia", "country": "Ethiopia", "countryCode": "ET", "jurisdictionId": "UN-059", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "4", "name": "Up to 8 years imprisonment", "color": "#EDB795" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "Unknown", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2004, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "1", "6", "24", "31", "32", "57" ], "summary": "The country's old *Penal Code* (1957) contained a “sexual deviations” chapter under which Article 600 established that sexual acts, or any other \"indecent act\", with a person of the same sex was punishable with imprisonment of between 10 days and three years....", "sources": [ { "id": "529419", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "ET - LEG - Penal Code (1957) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "ET - LEG - Penal Code (1957) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": null }, { "id": "529420", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "ET - LEG - Penal Code (2004) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "ET - LEG - Penal Code (2004) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": null } ] }, { "id": "68", "slug": "fiji", "displayName": "Fiji", "country": "Fiji", "countryCode": "FJ", "jurisdictionId": "UN-060", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2005, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 3, "regionIds": [ "16", "19", "28", "37", "57" ], "summary": "In *Dhirendra Nadan and Thomas McCosker v. The State* (2005) the High Court of Fiji invalidated two convictions based on sections 175(a), 175(c) and 177 of the *Penal Code* (1945) which criminalised “carnal knowledge against the order of nature” and indecent...", "sources": [ { "id": "529421", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "FJ - LEG - Dhirendra Nadan and Thomas McCosker v. The State (2005) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529422", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "FJ - LEG - Penal Code (update 2020) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529423", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "FJ - LEG - Crimes Decree (2009) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "69", "slug": "finland", "displayName": "Finland", "country": "Finland", "countryCode": "FI", "jurisdictionId": "UN-061", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1971, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "11", "27", "38", "40", "46", "50", "57" ], "summary": "The *Criminal Code* (1889), as *revised in 1971*, removed Chapter 20 on \"Unlawful sexual intercourse and other lewdness\", which criminalised same-sex consensual acts under Section 12 with up to two years' imprisonment.", "sources": [ { "id": "529424", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "FI - LEG - Criminal Code (1889) - OR-OFF(fi).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Finnish" }, { "id": "529425", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "FI - LEG - Criminal Code (1889) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "FI - LEG - Criminal Code (1889) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": null } ] }, { "id": "70", "slug": "france", "displayName": "France", "country": "France", "countryCode": "FR", "jurisdictionId": "UN-062", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1791, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "11", "27", "38", "40", "41", "43", "46", "50", "51", "52", "54", "57" ], "summary": "The newly formed constitutional monarchy of France adopted a *Penal Code* (1791) that removed sodomy provisions.\nThis early decriminalisation date did not translate into tolerance of sexual and gender diversity. Scholars indicate that the silence of the Penal...", "sources": [ { "id": "529426", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "FR - LEG - Penal Code (1791) - OR-OFF(fr).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "French" }, { "id": "529427", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "FR - LEG - Bill No 403 (2024) - OR-OFF (fr).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "French" } ] }, { "id": "71", "slug": "gabon", "displayName": "Gabon", "country": "Gabon", "countryCode": "GA", "jurisdictionId": "UN-063", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2020, "illegalSince": 2019, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "31", "32", "41", "45", "47", "57" ], "summary": "Prior to and following its independence from France in 1960, Gabon did not criminalise consensual same-sex sexual acts between adults.\nHowever, in July of 2019 Gabon adopted a new *Penal Code* (2019) which criminalised “sexual relations between persons of the...", "sources": [ { "id": "529428", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "GA - LEG - Penal Code (2019) - OR(fr).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "French" }, { "id": "529429", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "GA - LEG - Law No. 006 (2020) - OR-OFF(fr).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "French" } ] }, { "id": "72", "slug": "gambia", "displayName": "Gambia", "country": "Gambia", "countryCode": "GM", "jurisdictionId": "UN-064", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "5", "name": "10 years to life in prison", "color": "#F5934B" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "Unknown", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": 1934, "lastAmendedYear": 2025, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 3, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "25", "31", "32", "37", "39", "45", "47", "57" ], "summary": "Gambia has criminalised same-sex sexual activity since the implementation of the colonial *Criminal Code* (1934), instituting prison sentences of up to 14 years for anyone with “carnal knowledge of any person against the order of nature” under Chapter XV,...", "sources": [ { "id": "529430", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "GM - LEG - Criminal Code (1934) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529431", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "GM - LEG - Criminal Code (Amendment) Act (2005) - OR-OFF (en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529432", "order": 4, "section": null, "filename": "GM - LEG - Criminal Code (Amendment) Act (2014) - OR-OFF (en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "73", "slug": "georgia", "displayName": "Georgia", "country": "Georgia", "countryCode": "GE", "jurisdictionId": "UN-065", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2000, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "11", "27", "38", "46", "57" ], "summary": "The *Criminal Code* (2000) of Georgia removed the pre-existing sodomy provisions that were carried through from the Soviet Union period.", "sources": [ { "id": "529433", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "GE - LEG - Criminal Code (2000) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "GE - LEG - Criminal Code (2000) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": null } ] }, { "id": "74", "slug": "germany", "displayName": "Germany", "country": "Germany", "countryCode": "DE", "jurisdictionId": "UN-066", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1968, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "11", "27", "38", "40", "43", "46", "50", "51", "52", "57" ], "summary": "Same-sex sexual acts have historically been criminalised under the provision in *Paragraph 175* (1891) of the German Criminal Code that punished “unnatural fornication between persons of the male sex”. Originally adopted in 1891, it saw several successful and...", "sources": [ { "id": "529434", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "DE - LEG - §175 StGB Penal Code - OR(de).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "German" }, { "id": "529435", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "DE - LEG - Law 18_12038 in Government Gazette Teil 1 Nr. 48 (2017) - OR-OFF(de).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "German" } ] }, { "id": "75", "slug": "ghana", "displayName": "Ghana", "country": "Ghana", "countryCode": "GH", "jurisdictionId": "UN-067", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "4", "name": "Up to 8 years imprisonment", "color": "#EDB795" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 3, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2003, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 4, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "25", "31", "32", "37", "39", "47", "57" ], "summary": "Section 104(1)(b) of the *Penal Code* (1960), as amended in 2003, establishes that whoever has \"unnatural carnal knowledge\" of any person of 16 years or over with his consent is guilty of a misdemeanour. As per Article 296(4) of the Criminal Procedural Code,...", "sources": [ { "id": "529436", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "GH - LEG - Criminal Code (1960) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529437", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "GH - LEG - Promotion of Proper Human Sexual Rights and Ghanaian Family Values Bill (2021) - OFF (en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529438", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "GH - JUD - SC - Writ J1 18 2021 (2024) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529439", "order": 4, "section": null, "filename": "GH - EXE - Code of Conduct for Students in the Pre-Tertiary Levels of Education in the Ghana Education Service (2024) - OR-OFF (en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "76", "slug": "greece", "displayName": "Greece", "country": "Greece", "countryCode": "GR", "jurisdictionId": "UN-068", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1951, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "11", "27", "38", "40", "41", "43", "46", "50", "57" ], "summary": "In 1951, consensual same-sex sexual acts were decriminalised with the enactment of the post-war *Penal Code* (1951). However, several residual discriminatory criminal provisions continued exist in the Code. For instance, until 1987 the age of consent was...", "sources": [ { "id": "529440", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "GR - LEG - Criminal Code (1951) - OR(el).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Greek" } ] }, { "id": "77", "slug": "grenada", "displayName": "Grenada", "country": "Grenada", "countryCode": "GD", "jurisdictionId": "UN-069", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "5", "name": "10 years to life in prison", "color": "#F5934B" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 10, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 1958, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "3", "8", "13", "18", "30", "35", "37", "44", "57" ], "summary": "Article 431 of the *Criminal Code* (1958) criminalises \"unnatural connexion\" with imprisonment for ten years. Further, Article 430 provisions that “whoever publicly and wilfully commits any grossly indecent act is guilty of a misdemeanour”.\nIn 2019, ECADE, a...", "sources": [ { "id": "529441", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "GD - LEG - Criminal Code (1958) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "78", "slug": "guatemala", "displayName": "Guatemala", "country": "Guatemala", "countryCode": "GT", "jurisdictionId": "UN-070", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1834, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "4", "12", "13", "18", "29", "44", "48", "57" ], "summary": "The country’s first *Penal Code* (1834) after independence did not criminalise consensual same-sex sexual acts between adults.\nIn November 2024, *Bill No. 6475 to Amend the Penal Code* (2024) was introduced in Congress, proposing to impose criminal penalties...", "sources": [ { "id": "529442", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "GT - LEG - Penal Code (1934) - OR-OFF(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" }, { "id": "529443", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "GT - LEG - Bill 6475 Criminal Law Reform Bill (2024) - OR-OFF (es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" } ] }, { "id": "79", "slug": "guinea", "displayName": "Guinea", "country": "Guinea", "countryCode": "GN", "jurisdictionId": "UN-071", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "4", "name": "Up to 8 years imprisonment", "color": "#EDB795" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 3, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2016, "hasFine": true, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "25", "31", "32", "39", "41", "45", "57" ], "summary": "Article 274 of the *Penal Code* (2016) criminalises \"indecent acts\" or \"act against nature\" committed with an individual of the same sex and imposes a penalty of 6 months to 3 years in prison and a fine. Moreover, Article 275 defines \"a public outrage of...", "sources": [ { "id": "529444", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "GN - LEG - Penal Code (2016) - OR(fr).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "French" } ] }, { "id": "80", "slug": "guinea-bissau", "displayName": "Guinea-Bissau", "country": "Guinea-Bissau", "countryCode": "GW", "jurisdictionId": "UN-072", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1993, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 4, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "25", "31", "32", "39", "41", "45", "57" ], "summary": "The colonial *Penal Code* (1886), as amended by other colonial provisions such as *Law No. 177* (1912) and *Executive Order-Law No. 39,688* (1954), remained in force after independence from Portugal and penalised “vices against nature”. This Code was repealed...", "sources": [ { "id": "529445", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "PT - LEG - Penal Code (1886) - OR-OFF(pt).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Portuguese" }, { "id": "529446", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "PT - LEG - Law No. 177 (1912) - OR-OFF(pt).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Portuguese" }, { "id": "529447", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "PT - LEG - Law No. 39688 (1954) - OR-OFF(pt).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Portuguese" }, { "id": "529448", "order": 4, "section": null, "filename": "GW - LEG - Penal Code (1993) - OR-OFF(pt).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Portuguese" } ] }, { "id": "81", "slug": "guyana", "displayName": "Guyana", "country": "Guyana", "countryCode": "GY", "jurisdictionId": "UN-073", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "5", "name": "10 years to life in prison", "color": "#F5934B" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "Life in prison", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 1893, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "3", "8", "13", "18", "20", "30", "35", "37", "44", "45", "57" ], "summary": "Section 353 of the *Criminal Law (Offences) Act* (1893) punishes the crime of “buggery” committed either with a human being or with any other living creature, with imprisonment for life. Under Section 352, an attempt to commit buggery carries a penalty of...", "sources": [ { "id": "529449", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "GY - LEG - Criminal Law (Offences) Act (1893) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "82", "slug": "haiti", "displayName": "Haiti", "country": "Haiti", "countryCode": "HT", "jurisdictionId": "UN-074", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1791, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "3", "9", "12", "13", "18", "29", "35", "41", "44", "48", "57" ], "summary": "France repealed its sodomy laws in 1791, thus decriminalising same-sex sexual acts in the Haitian territory (then known as Saint-Domingue).\nWhen Haiti became independent from France in 1804, no law criminalising consensual same-sex sexual acts was introduced,...", "sources": [ { "id": "529450", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "HT - LEG - Penal Code (1836) - OR(fr).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "French" } ] }, { "id": "83", "slug": "honduras", "displayName": "Honduras", "country": "Honduras", "countryCode": "HN", "jurisdictionId": "UN-075", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1899, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "4", "12", "13", "18", "29", "44", "48", "50", "57" ], "summary": "Consensual same-sex sexual acts between adults have been legal since the entry into force of the *Penal Code* (1898) that came into effect in 1899. This legislation repealed Article 367 of the previous *Penal Code* (1880) that provisioned the crime of...", "sources": [ { "id": "529451", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "HN - LEG - Penal Code (1898) - OR(es).PDF", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" }, { "id": "529452", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "HN - LEG - Penal Code (1880) - OR-OFF(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" } ] }, { "id": "84", "slug": "hungary", "displayName": "Hungary", "country": "Hungary", "countryCode": "HU", "jurisdictionId": "UN-076", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1962, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "7", "11", "27", "38", "40", "43", "46", "57" ], "summary": "The Hungarian Penal Code (1878) criminalised consensual same-sex sexual acts between men. In 1962, the *Criminal Code* (1961, effective 1962) decriminalised such acts, but between 1961 and 1978, the age of consent for same-sex sexual acts was set at 20 years....", "sources": [ { "id": "529453", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "HU - LEG - Criminal Code (1961) - OR(hu).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Hungarian" } ] }, { "id": "85", "slug": "iceland", "displayName": "Iceland", "country": "Iceland", "countryCode": "IS", "jurisdictionId": "UN-077", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1940, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "11", "27", "38", "43", "46", "50", "57" ], "summary": "The *General Penal Code* (1940) removed the provisions of the 1869 Penal Code. Clause 178 under Chapter 16 (“crimes against chastity”) stipulated that “sexual intercourse [samræði] against nature” was punishable by hard labour. However, the ages of consent...", "sources": [ { "id": "529454", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "IS - LEG - Penal Code (1940) - OR(is).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Icelandic" } ] }, { "id": "86", "slug": "india", "displayName": "India", "country": "India", "countryCode": "IN", "jurisdictionId": "UN-078", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2018, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 6, "regionIds": [ "2", "21", "26", "37", "49", "52", "57" ], "summary": "In September 2018, the Supreme Court of India declared in *Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India* (2018) that Section 377 of the *Penal Code* (1860) was unconstitutional. The court emphasised that the provision violated the rights to privacy and human dignity,...", "sources": [ { "id": "529455", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "IN - JUD (SC) - Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India (2018) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529456", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "IN - LEG - Penal Code (1860) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529457", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "IN - JUD(HC) - Naz Foundation v. Government of NCT of Delhi and Others (2009) - OR-OFF(en).PDF", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529458", "order": 4, "section": null, "filename": "IN - JUD (SC) - Suresh Kumar Koushal & Anr vs Naz Foundation and Others (2013) - OR-OFF(en).PDF", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529459", "order": 5, "section": null, "filename": "IN - LEG - Indian Penal Code Amendment Bill (2023) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529460", "order": 6, "section": null, "filename": "IN - LEG - Indian Justice Code (2024) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "87", "slug": "indonesia", "displayName": "Indonesia", "country": "Indonesia", "countryCode": "ID", "jurisdictionId": "UN-079", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "3", "name": "De facto criminalisation", "color": "#F0DACA" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 7, "regionIds": [ "2", "22", "26", "34", "45", "52", "57" ], "summary": "Having achieved independence from the Netherlands in 1945, the Indonesian *Penal Code* (1952) has no provisions prohibiting consensual same-sex sexual acts. However, Articles 290 and 292 of the Penal Code, as well as the *Child Protection Law* (2002), set a...", "sources": [ { "id": "529461", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "ID - LEG - Penal Code (1952) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "ID - LEG - Penal Code (1952) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": null }, { "id": "529462", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "ID - LEG - Law on Child Protection (2002) - OR-OFF(id).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Indonesian" }, { "id": "529463", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "ID - JUD - DC - Dec DILMIL No. 55 (2021) - OR(id).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Indonesian" }, { "id": "529464", "order": 4, "section": null, "filename": "ID - JUD - DC - Putusan PTUN SEMARANG Nomor 83 (2021) - OR-OFF(id).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Indonesian" }, { "id": "529465", "order": 5, "section": null, "filename": "ID - LEG - Criminal Code Bill (2019) - OR(id).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Indonesian" }, { "id": "529466", "order": 6, "section": null, "filename": "ID - LEG - Criminal Code (2023) - OR(id).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Indonesian" }, { "id": "529467", "order": 7, "section": null, "filename": "ID - LEG - Family Resilience Bill (2020) - OR(id).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Indonesian" } ] }, { "id": "88", "slug": "indonesia-aceh", "displayName": "Aceh, Indonesia", "country": "Indonesia", "countryCode": "ID", "jurisdictionId": "UN-079", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "ID-AC", "name": "Aceh", "slug": "aceh", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "4", "name": "Up to 8 years imprisonment", "color": "#EDB795" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 8, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2014, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "2", "22", "26", "34", "45", "52", "57" ], "summary": "Articles 63 and 64 of *Regulation No. 6* (2014) stipulate a punishment of 100 lashes and/or up to approximately eight years in prison for the crimes of liwat (sodomy) and musahaqah (lesbian acts).\nThe regulation applies to both locals and foreigners living in...", "sources": [ { "id": "529468", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "ID-AC - LEG - Aceh Regulation No 6 (2014) - OR(id).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Indonesian" } ] }, { "id": "89", "slug": "iran", "displayName": "Iran", "country": "Iran", "countryCode": "IR", "jurisdictionId": "UN-080", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "death-penalty", "penalty": { "id": "7", "name": "Death Penalty", "color": "#A03E13" }, "deathPenalty": "Yes", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "Unknown", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2013, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "2", "14", "17", "45", "57" ], "summary": "According to Human Rights Watch, after the 1979 Islamic Revolution, the Iranian judiciary lacked a codified set of criminal laws and sentenced political prisoners and alleged criminals to death on the basis of Sharia law sources (particularly Komeini’s Tahrir...", "sources": [ { "id": "529469", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "IR - LEG - Iran Islamic Penal Code (2013) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "IR - LEG - Iran Islamic Penal Code (2013) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": null } ] }, { "id": "90", "slug": "iraq", "displayName": "Iraq", "country": "Iraq", "countryCode": "IQ", "jurisdictionId": "UN-081", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "5", "name": "10 years to life in prison", "color": "#F5934B" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 15, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2024, "hasFine": true, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 5, "regionIds": [ "2", "14", "17", "26", "45", "57" ], "summary": "The Penal Code of Iraq (*Law No. 111*) (1969) does not explicitly prohibit consensual same-sex sexual acts; however, a range of factors, including the use of other laws to prosecute persons of diverse sexual orientations and gender identities and expressions...", "sources": [ { "id": "529470", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "IQ - LEG - Penal Code (1969) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "IQ - LEG - Penal Code (1969) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": null }, { "id": "529471", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "IQ-LEG-Proposed law for the first amendment to the law against prostitution (2023)-OR-OFF (ar).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Arabic" }, { "id": "529472", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "IQ - SUP - Case No. 254-Federal-2023 (2024) - OR-OFF (ar).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Arabic" }, { "id": "529473", "order": 4, "section": null, "filename": "IQ - LEG - Bill to Amend the Law Combatting Prostitution of 1988 (2024) - OR(ar).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Arabic" }, { "id": "529474", "order": 5, "section": null, "filename": "IQ-LEG-proposal to amend the Penal Code to criminalise homosexuality (2023)- OR-OFF (ar).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Arabic" } ] }, { "id": "91", "slug": "ireland", "displayName": "Ireland", "country": "Ireland", "countryCode": "IE", "jurisdictionId": "UN-082", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1993, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 3, "regionIds": [ "11", "27", "38", "40", "46", "50", "57" ], "summary": "Until 1993 male homosexual acts were criminalised by two statutes inherited from the British colonial era, the *Offences against the Person Act* (1861), which covered anal intercourse, and the *Criminal Law (Amendment) Act* (1885), which covered \"gross...", "sources": [ { "id": "529475", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "GB - LEG - Offences Against the Person Act (1861) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529476", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "GB - LEG - Criminal Law Amendment Act (1885) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529477", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "IE - LEG - Criminal Law (Sexual Offences) Act (1993) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "92", "slug": "israel", "displayName": "Israel", "country": "Israel", "countryCode": "IL", "jurisdictionId": "UN-083", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1988, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "2", "14", "17", "26", "50", "57" ], "summary": "The *Criminal Code Bill* (1936) penalised “carnal knowledge of any person against the order of nature” under Article 152(2). After the country’s independence the provision was replaced by Article 351 of the *Penal Law* (1977) that kept the same content....", "sources": [ { "id": "529478", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "IL - LEG - Criminal Code Bill (1936) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529479", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "IL - LEG - Penal Law (1977) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "93", "slug": "italy", "displayName": "Italy", "country": "Italy", "countryCode": "IT", "jurisdictionId": "UN-084", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1890, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "11", "27", "38", "40", "43", "46", "50", "51", "52", "57" ], "summary": "The first Italian *Penal Code* (1889; in effect as of 1890) had no provision criminalising consensual same-sex sexual acts between adults in private. Prior to Italian unification each region and kingdom would deal with the issue independently.\nUnlike in...", "sources": [ { "id": "529480", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "IT - LEG - Penal Code (1889) - OR(it).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Italian" } ] }, { "id": "94", "slug": "jamaica", "displayName": "Jamaica", "country": "Jamaica", "countryCode": "JM", "jurisdictionId": "UN-085", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "5", "name": "10 years to life in prison", "color": "#F5934B" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 10, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2009, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 4, "regionIds": [ "3", "8", "13", "18", "30", "35", "37", "44", "57" ], "summary": "Section 76 of the *Offences Against the Person Act* (1864) establishes that those convicted of “the abominable crime of buggery” shall be liable to be imprisoned and kept to hard labour for a term not exceeding ten years. Section 78 establishes that whenever...", "sources": [ { "id": "529481", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "JM - LEG - Offences Against the Person Act (1864) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529482", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "JM - LEG - Sexual Offences Act (2009) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529483", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "JM - JUD - JMCA No. Civ 20 (2023) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529484", "order": 4, "section": null, "filename": "JM - JUD (SUP) - Tomlinson, Maurice Arnold v The Attorney General of Jamaica, the Churches, Jamaica Coalition for a Healthy Society et al (2023) - OR-OFF (en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "95", "slug": "japan", "displayName": "Japan", "country": "Japan", "countryCode": "JP", "jurisdictionId": "UN-086", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1882, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 0, "regionIds": [ "2", "26", "51", "52", "57" ], "summary": "Consensual same-sex sexual activity was never criminalised in modern Japan, with the exception of a very short period from 1873 to 1881, when “male sodomy” was considered a crime under Article 266 of the Meiji Legal Code of 1873.", "sources": [] }, { "id": "96", "slug": "jordan", "displayName": "Jordan", "country": "Jordan", "countryCode": "JO", "jurisdictionId": "UN-087", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1951, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 3, "regionIds": [ "2", "14", "17", "26", "45", "57" ], "summary": "Jordan is one the few Middle Eastern countries where consensual same-sex sexual acts are not criminalised. The *Criminal Code Bill* (1936), established by the British Mandate of Palestine and Transjordan, penalised “sodomy”. With the enactment of the...", "sources": [ { "id": "529485", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "JO - LEG - Criminal Code Bill (1936) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529486", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "JO - LEG - Penal Code (1951) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "JO - LEG - Penal Code (1951) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": null }, { "id": "529487", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "JO - JUD - Fatwa 3670 on Sexual Relations from an Islamic Perspective (2021) - OR(ar).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Arabic" } ] }, { "id": "97", "slug": "kazakhstan", "displayName": "Kazakhstan", "country": "Kazakhstan", "countryCode": "KZ", "jurisdictionId": "UN-088", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1998, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "2", "5", "27", "36", "45", "46", "57" ], "summary": "With independence from the USSR, Kazakhstan’s *Criminal Code* (1997, in force 1998) removed earlier provisions that penalised consensual same-sex sexual acts between adults in private.", "sources": [ { "id": "529488", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "KZ - LEG - Criminal Code (1997) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "KZ - LEG - Criminal Code (1997) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": null } ] }, { "id": "98", "slug": "kenya", "displayName": "Kenya", "country": "Kenya", "countryCode": "KE", "jurisdictionId": "UN-089", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "5", "name": "10 years to life in prison", "color": "#F5934B" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 14, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2003, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 3, "regionIds": [ "1", "6", "24", "31", "32", "37", "47", "57" ], "summary": "The *Penal Code* (1930), as amended by *Criminal Law (Amendment) Act* (2003), prescribes under Section 162 a prison sentence of up to 14 years for consensual “carnal knowledge of any person against the order of nature”.\nAttempted acts \"against the order of...", "sources": [ { "id": "529489", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "KE - LEG - Penal Code (1930) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529490", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "KE - LEG - Criminal Law (Amendment) Act (2003) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529491", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "KE - LEG - Family Protection Bill (2023) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "99", "slug": "kiribati", "displayName": "Kiribati", "country": "Kiribati", "countryCode": "KI", "jurisdictionId": "UN-090", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "5", "name": "10 years to life in prison", "color": "#F5934B" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 14, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 1977, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "16", "19", "28", "37", "57" ], "summary": "Section 153 of the *Penal Code* (1977) punishes “buggery” (anal intercourse) with imprisonment of up to 14 years. Both committing “buggery” and \"permitting a male person to commit buggery upon oneself\" regardless of one's sex are criminalised under this...", "sources": [ { "id": "529492", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "KI - LEG - Penal Code (1977) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "100", "slug": "kuwait", "displayName": "Kuwait", "country": "Kuwait", "countryCode": "KW", "jurisdictionId": "UN-091", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "4", "name": "Up to 8 years imprisonment", "color": "#EDB795" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 7, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 1960, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "2", "14", "17", "26", "45", "57" ], "summary": "Article 193 of Penal Code (*Law No. 16*) (1960) criminalises consensual intercourse between men of full age (from the age of 21), which carries a possible imprisonment of up to seven years.", "sources": [ { "id": "529493", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "KW - LEG - Penal Code (1960) - OR(ar).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Arabic" } ] }, { "id": "101", "slug": "kyrgyzstan", "displayName": "Kyrgyzstan", "country": "Kyrgyzstan", "countryCode": "KG", "jurisdictionId": "UN-092", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1998, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "2", "5", "27", "36", "45", "46", "57" ], "summary": "With independence from the USSR, Kyrgyzstan’s *Criminal Code* (1997, in force 1998) removed earlier provisions that penalised consensual same-sex sexual acts between adults in private.", "sources": [ { "id": "529494", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "KG - LEG - Criminal Code (1997) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "KG - LEG - Criminal Code (1997) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": null } ] }, { "id": "102", "slug": "laos", "displayName": "Laos", "country": "Laos", "countryCode": "LA", "jurisdictionId": "UN-093", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "2", "22", "26", "34", "41", "57" ], "summary": "Prior to and following independence from France in 1954, the country’s *Penal Code* (2017) made no provisions to criminalise consensual same-sex sexual acts between adults.", "sources": [ { "id": "529495", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "LA - LEG - Penal Code (2017) - OR-OFF(lo).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Lao" } ] }, { "id": "103", "slug": "latvia", "displayName": "Latvia", "country": "Latvia", "countryCode": "LV", "jurisdictionId": "UN-094", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1992, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "7", "11", "27", "38", "40", "43", "46", "57" ], "summary": "From the Soviet occupation of Latvia up until 1992, paragraph 124.1 made all sexual acts between men a criminal offence punishable by up to 5 years imprisonment. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Latvia’s *Criminal Law* removed its punitive...", "sources": [ { "id": "529496", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "LV - LEG - Criminal Law (1998) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "LV - LEG - Criminal Law (1998) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": null } ] }, { "id": "104", "slug": "lebanon", "displayName": "Lebanon", "country": "Lebanon", "countryCode": "LB", "jurisdictionId": "UN-095", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "4", "name": "Up to 8 years imprisonment", "color": "#EDB795" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 1, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 1943, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "2", "14", "17", "26", "41", "45", "57" ], "summary": "Article 534 of the *Penal Code* (1943) criminalises “sexual intercourse against nature”, which is punishable with up to one year imprisonment.\nHowever, between 2007 and 2017, four cases of homosexual and trans persons who were charged under this law were...", "sources": [ { "id": "529497", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "LB - LEG - Penal Code (1943) - OR(ar).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Arabic" }, { "id": "529498", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "LEB - LEG - aw proposal to repeal Article 534 of the Penal Code (2023) - OR (ar).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Arabic" } ] }, { "id": "105", "slug": "lesotho", "displayName": "Lesotho", "country": "Lesotho", "countryCode": "LS", "jurisdictionId": "UN-096", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2012, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "1", "23", "24", "31", "32", "37", "47", "57" ], "summary": "Under Article 52 of the *Penal Code Act* (2012), “sodomy” is not mentioned among the unlawful sexual acts. Furthermore, the Code does not have any provisions criminalising consensual same-sex sexual acts between adults, therefore revoking the previous common...", "sources": [ { "id": "529499", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "LS - LEG - Penal Code (2012) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "106", "slug": "liberia", "displayName": "Liberia", "country": "Liberia", "countryCode": "LR", "jurisdictionId": "UN-097", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "4", "name": "Up to 8 years imprisonment", "color": "#EDB795" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 1, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 1978, "hasFine": true, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 3, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "25", "31", "32", "39", "47", "57" ], "summary": "Section 14.74 of the *Penal Code* (1978) lists “voluntary sodomy” as a “first degree misdemeanour”. This may result in a prison sentence of up to one year, or a fine.\nIn 2012, a bill that would have amended the *Domestic Relations Law* (1973) to criminalise...", "sources": [ { "id": "529500", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "LR - LEG - Penal Code (1978) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529501", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "LR - LEG - Domestic Relations Law (1979) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529502", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "LR - LEG - Anti-Homosexuality Law of Liberia (2024) - OR (en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "107", "slug": "libya", "displayName": "Libya", "country": "Libya", "countryCode": "LY", "jurisdictionId": "UN-098", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "4", "name": "Up to 8 years imprisonment", "color": "#EDB795" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 5, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 1976, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "1", "14", "31", "32", "45", "57" ], "summary": "Article 407(4) of the *Penal Code* (1953), as amended in 1976, states that consensual “illicit sex” carries a potential punishment of up to 5 years in prison. Further, Article 408(4) states that whoever “disgraces the honour” of a person with their consent...", "sources": [ { "id": "529503", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "LY - LEG - Penal Code (1953) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "LY - LEG - Penal Code (1953) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": null }, { "id": "529504", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "LY - Report of the Independent Fact-Finding Mission on Libya - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "108", "slug": "liechtenstein", "displayName": "Liechtenstein", "country": "Liechtenstein", "countryCode": "LI", "jurisdictionId": "UN-099", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1989, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "11", "27", "38", "46", "57" ], "summary": "In 1989, the new *Penal Code* (1987) entered into force and removed Articles 129 and 130 of the previous *Penal Code* (1852) that punished “fornication against nature with persons of the same sex”. These provisions criminalised male and female consensual...", "sources": [ { "id": "529505", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "LI - LEG - Criminal Code (1987) - OR-OFF(de).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "German" }, { "id": "529506", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "LI - LEG - Criminal Code (1852) - OR-OFF(de).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "German" } ] }, { "id": "109", "slug": "lithuania", "displayName": "Lithuania", "country": "Lithuania", "countryCode": "LT", "jurisdictionId": "UN-100", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1993, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "7", "11", "27", "38", "40", "43", "46", "50", "57" ], "summary": "Following independence from the Soviet Union, Lithuania abolished Articles 121 and 122(1) of its previous *Criminal Code* (1961), thereby decriminalising consensual same-sex sexual relations between adults.", "sources": [ { "id": "529507", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "LT - LEG - Criminal Code (1961) - OR-OFF(lt).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Lithuanian" } ] }, { "id": "110", "slug": "luxembourg", "displayName": "Luxembourg", "country": "Luxembourg", "countryCode": "LU", "jurisdictionId": "UN-101", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1795, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "11", "27", "38", "40", "41", "43", "46", "50", "57" ], "summary": "Sodomy provisions in the *Criminal Code* (1879) were removed in 1795 when Luxembourg was under French rule.", "sources": [ { "id": "529508", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "LU - LEG - Criminal Code (1879) - OR-OFF(fr).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "French" } ] }, { "id": "111", "slug": "madagascar", "displayName": "Madagascar", "country": "Madagascar", "countryCode": "MG", "jurisdictionId": "UN-102", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "1", "6", "23", "24", "31", "32", "41", "57" ], "summary": "Prior to and following its independence from France in 1960, the *Criminal Code* (2005) has not prohibited consensual same-sex sexual acts between adults. However, Article 331 sets the age of consent at 14 for different-sex sexual acts and 21 for same-sex...", "sources": [ { "id": "529509", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "MG - LEG - Penal Code (2005) - OR-OFF(fr).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "French" } ] }, { "id": "112", "slug": "malawi", "displayName": "Malawi", "country": "Malawi", "countryCode": "MW", "jurisdictionId": "UN-103", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "5", "name": "10 years to life in prison", "color": "#F5934B" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 14, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2011, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "1", "6", "23", "24", "31", "32", "37", "47", "57" ], "summary": "Section 153 of the *Penal Code* (as amended in 2011) states that anyone who has had “carnal knowledge of any person against the order of nature” is guilty of a felony and is liable to be imprisoned for up to 14 years. Additionally, Section 156 criminalises...", "sources": [ { "id": "529510", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "MW - LEG - Penal Code (1930-2014) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "113", "slug": "malaysia", "displayName": "Malaysia", "country": "Malaysia", "countryCode": "MY", "jurisdictionId": "UN-104", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "5", "name": "10 years to life in prison", "color": "#F5934B" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 20, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": 1860, "lastAmendedYear": 1989, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 6, "regionIds": [ "2", "22", "26", "34", "37", "45", "57" ], "summary": "“Carnal intercourse against the order of nature” was criminalised under Section 377 of the Penal Code of the Federated Malay States (F.M.S. Cap. 45) (1936) enacted during the colonial occupation of some of the territories that form modern Malaysia (note that...", "sources": [ { "id": "529511", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "MY - LEG - Penal Code (1936) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529512", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "MY - LEG - Penal Code (Amendment and Extension) Act 1976 - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529513", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "MY - LEG - Syariah Courts (Criminal Jurisdiction) Act No. 355 (1965) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529514", "order": 4, "section": null, "filename": "MY - JUD - Federal Court judgement BKA-3-11 2019 (W) on Selangor Syariah Act (2021) - TR (en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529515", "order": 5, "section": null, "filename": "MY - LEG - Part IV of Syariah Criminal Offences (Selangor) Enactment (1995) - TR (en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529516", "order": 6, "section": null, "filename": "MY - LEG - HC - Petition No. BKA-2-05-2022(D) (2024) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "114", "slug": "malaysia-johor", "displayName": "Johor, Malaysia", "country": "Malaysia", "countryCode": "MY", "jurisdictionId": "UN-104", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "MY-01", "name": "Johor", "slug": "johor", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "4", "name": "Up to 8 years imprisonment", "color": "#EDB795" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 3, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": 1997, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": true, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "2", "22", "26", "34", "37", "45", "57" ], "summary": "Note that the following Syariah enactments apply to Muslims only.\nSection 25 of the *Johor Syariah Criminal Offences Enactment* (1997) punishes any “male person committing liwat” (sodomy) while section 26 criminalises “musahaqah” (sexual relations between...", "sources": [ { "id": "529517", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "MY-01 - LEG - Johor Syariah Criminal Offences Enactment (Sections 25-26) (1997) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "115", "slug": "malaysia-kedah", "displayName": "Kedah, Malaysia", "country": "Malaysia", "countryCode": "MY", "jurisdictionId": "UN-104", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "MY-02", "name": "Kedah", "slug": "kedah", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "4", "name": "Up to 8 years imprisonment", "color": "#EDB795" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 3, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": 1988, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": true, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "2", "22", "26", "34", "37", "45", "57" ], "summary": "Note that the following Syariah enactments apply to Muslims only.\nSection 14 of the *Kedah Syariah Criminal Offences Enactment* (1988) punishes any “person who wilfully commits an act of liwat” (sodomy). Those convicted are liable to a fine, to a maximum...", "sources": [ { "id": "529518", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "MY-02 - LEG - Kedah Syariah Criminal Offences Enactment (Sections 14-15) (1988) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "116", "slug": "malaysia-kelantan", "displayName": "Kelantan, Malaysia", "country": "Malaysia", "countryCode": "MY", "jurisdictionId": "UN-104", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "MY-03", "name": "Kelantan", "slug": "kelantan", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "4", "name": "Up to 8 years imprisonment", "color": "#EDB795" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 3, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": 1993, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": true, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 4, "regionIds": [ "2", "22", "26", "34", "37", "45", "57" ], "summary": "Note that the following Syariah enactments apply to Muslims only.\nThe *Kelantan Syariah Criminal Code (I) Enactment 2019* (2021) was passed by the Kelantan State Legislative Assembly in 2019 and came into force on the 1st of November 2021. It replaces the...", "sources": [ { "id": "529519", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "MY-03 - LEG - Kelantan Syariah Criminal Code (I) Enactment 2019 (2021) - OR-OFF(ms).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Malay" }, { "id": "529520", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "MY-03 - LEG - Kelantan Syariah Criminal Code (Sections 14-15) (1985) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529521", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "MY-03 - LEG - Kelantan Syariah Criminal Code (Sections 12-16) (1993) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529522", "order": 4, "section": null, "filename": "MY - LEG - Syariah Courts (Criminal Jurisdiction) Act No. 355 (1965) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "117", "slug": "malaysia-wilayah-persekutuan-kuala-lumpur", "displayName": "Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia", "country": "Malaysia", "countryCode": "MY", "jurisdictionId": "UN-104", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "MY-14", "name": "Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur", "slug": "wilayah-persekutuan-kuala-lumpur", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "4", "name": "Up to 8 years imprisonment", "color": "#EDB795" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 3, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": 1997, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": true, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "2", "22", "26", "34", "37", "45", "57" ], "summary": "Note that the following Syariah enactments apply to Muslims only.\nKuala Lumpur falls under the jurisdiction of the Federal Territories in Malaysia and is therefore subject to acts that govern the Federal Territories. Section 25 of the *Federal Territories...", "sources": [ { "id": "529523", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "MY-14 - LEG - Federal Territories Syariah Criminal Offences Act (Sections 25-26) (1997) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "118", "slug": "malaysia-wilayah-persekutuan-labuan", "displayName": "Wilayah Persekutuan Labuan, Malaysia", "country": "Malaysia", "countryCode": "MY", "jurisdictionId": "UN-104", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "MY-15", "name": "Wilayah Persekutuan Labuan", "slug": "wilayah-persekutuan-labuan", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "4", "name": "Up to 8 years imprisonment", "color": "#EDB795" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 3, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": 1997, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": true, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "2", "22", "26", "34", "37", "45", "57" ], "summary": "Note that the following Syariah enactments apply to Muslims only.\nLabuan falls under the jurisdiction of the Federal Territories in Malaysia and is therefore subject to acts that govern the Federal Territories. Section 25 of the *Federal Territories Syariah...", "sources": [ { "id": "529524", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "MY-14 - LEG - Federal Territories Syariah Criminal Offences Act (Sections 25-26) (1997) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "119", "slug": "malaysia-malacca", "displayName": "Malacca, Malaysia", "country": "Malaysia", "countryCode": "MY", "jurisdictionId": "UN-104", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "MY-04", "name": "Malacca", "slug": "malacca", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "4", "name": "Up to 8 years imprisonment", "color": "#EDB795" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 3, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": 1991, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": true, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "2", "22", "26", "34", "37", "45", "57" ], "summary": "Note that the following Syariah enactments apply to Muslims only.\nSection 56 of the *Malacca Syariah Criminal Offences Enactment* (1991) punishes any person who “wilfully commits liwat” (sodomy). Those convicted under this section are liable to a fine, to a...", "sources": [ { "id": "529525", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "MY-04 - LEG - Malacca Syariah Criminal Offences Enactment (Sections 55-59) (1991) - OR-OFF(ms).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Malay" } ] }, { "id": "120", "slug": "malaysia-negeri-sembilan", "displayName": "Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia", "country": "Malaysia", "countryCode": "MY", "jurisdictionId": "UN-104", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "MY-05", "name": "Negeri Sembilan", "slug": "negeri-sembilan", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "4", "name": "Up to 8 years imprisonment", "color": "#EDB795" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 2, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": 1992, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": true, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "2", "22", "26", "34", "37", "45", "57" ], "summary": "Note that the following Syariah enactments apply to Muslims only.\nSection 63 of the *Negeri Sembilan Syariah Criminal Offences Enactment* (1992) punishes any “male person committing liwat” (sodomy) with another male person, while section 64 criminalises...", "sources": [ { "id": "529526", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "MY-05 - LEG - Negeri Sembilan Syariah Criminal Offences Enactment (Sections 63-65) (1992) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "121", "slug": "malaysia-pahang", "displayName": "Pahang, Malaysia", "country": "Malaysia", "countryCode": "MY", "jurisdictionId": "UN-104", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "MY-06", "name": "Pahang", "slug": "pahang", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "4", "name": "Up to 8 years imprisonment", "color": "#EDB795" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 0.25, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": 1982, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": true, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "2", "22", "26", "34", "37", "45", "57" ], "summary": "Note that the following Syariah enactments apply to Muslims only.\nConsensual same-sex sexual acts do not seem to be criminalised under the Syariah criminal codes in Pahang as they are in other states. However, sexual relations between women are criminalised...", "sources": [ { "id": "529527", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "MY-06 - LEG - Administration of the Religion of Islam and the Malay Custom of Pahang Enactment (Section 150) (1982) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "122", "slug": "malaysia-penang", "displayName": "Penang, Malaysia", "country": "Malaysia", "countryCode": "MY", "jurisdictionId": "UN-104", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "MY-07", "name": "Penang", "slug": "penang", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "4", "name": "Up to 8 years imprisonment", "color": "#EDB795" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 3, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": 1996, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": true, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "2", "22", "26", "34", "37", "45", "57" ], "summary": "Note that the following Syariah enactments apply to Muslims only.\nSection 25 of the *Penang Syariah Criminal Offences Enactment* (1996) punishes any “male person who wilfully commits an act of liwat” (sodomy) while section 26 criminalises “musahaqah” (sexual...", "sources": [ { "id": "529528", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "MY-07 - LEG - Penang Syariah Criminal Offences Enactment (Sections 25-26) (1996) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "123", "slug": "malaysia-perak", "displayName": "Perak, Malaysia", "country": "Malaysia", "countryCode": "MY", "jurisdictionId": "UN-104", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "MY-08", "name": "Perak", "slug": "perak", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "4", "name": "Up to 8 years imprisonment", "color": "#EDB795" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 1, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": 1992, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": true, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "2", "22", "26", "34", "37", "45", "57" ], "summary": "Note that the following Syariah enactments apply to Muslims only.\nSection 53 of the *Perak Syariah Crimes Enactment* (1992) criminalises any “female person who wilfully commits musahaqah” (sexual relations between women). Those convicted are liable to a fine,...", "sources": [ { "id": "529529", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "MY-08 - LEG - Perak Syariah Crimes Enactment (Section 53) (1992) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "124", "slug": "malaysia-perlis", "displayName": "Perlis, Malaysia", "country": "Malaysia", "countryCode": "MY", "jurisdictionId": "UN-104", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "MY-09", "name": "Perlis", "slug": "perlis", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "4", "name": "Up to 8 years imprisonment", "color": "#EDB795" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 3, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": 1991, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": true, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "2", "22", "26", "34", "37", "45", "57" ], "summary": "Note that the following Syariah enactments apply to Muslims only.\nSection 13 of the *Perlis Syariah Criminal Offences Enactment* (1991) criminalises any “person who wilfully commits liwat” (sodomy) while section 14 criminalises “musahaqah” (sexual relations...", "sources": [ { "id": "529530", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "MY-09 - LEG - Perlis Syariah Criminal Offences Enactment (Sections 13-14) (1991) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "125", "slug": "malaysia-wilayah-persekutuan-putrajaya", "displayName": "Wilayah Persekutuan Putrajaya, Malaysia", "country": "Malaysia", "countryCode": "MY", "jurisdictionId": "UN-104", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "MY-16", "name": "Wilayah Persekutuan Putrajaya", "slug": "wilayah-persekutuan-putrajaya", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "4", "name": "Up to 8 years imprisonment", "color": "#EDB795" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 3, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": 1997, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": true, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "2", "22", "26", "34", "37", "45", "57" ], "summary": "Note that the following Syariah enactments apply to Muslims only.\nPutrajaya falls under the jurisdiction of the Federal Territories in Malaysia and is therefore subject to acts that govern the Federal Territories. Section 25 of the *Federal Territories...", "sources": [ { "id": "529531", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "MY-14 - LEG - Federal Territories Syariah Criminal Offences Act (Sections 25-26) (1997) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "126", "slug": "malaysia-sabah", "displayName": "Sabah, Malaysia", "country": "Malaysia", "countryCode": "MY", "jurisdictionId": "UN-104", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "MY-12", "name": "Sabah", "slug": "sabah", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "4", "name": "Up to 8 years imprisonment", "color": "#EDB795" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 3, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": 1995, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": true, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "2", "22", "26", "34", "37", "45", "57" ], "summary": "Note that the following Syariah enactments apply to Muslims only.\nThe *Sabah Syariah Criminal Offences Enactment* (1995) criminalises same-sex sexual acts in varying degrees. Section 82 criminalises “liwat” (sodomy) and punishes those found guilty with a...", "sources": [ { "id": "529532", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "MY-12 - LEG - Sabah Syariah Criminal Offences Enactment (Sections 76, 77, 82) (1995) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "127", "slug": "malaysia-sarawak", "displayName": "Sarawak, Malaysia", "country": "Malaysia", "countryCode": "MY", "jurisdictionId": "UN-104", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "MY-13", "name": "Sarawak", "slug": "sarawak", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "4", "name": "Up to 8 years imprisonment", "color": "#EDB795" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 3, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": 2001, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": true, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "2", "22", "26", "34", "37", "45", "57" ], "summary": "Note that the following Syariah enactments apply to Muslims only.\nSection 22 of the *Sarawak Syariah Criminal Offences Ordinance* (2001) criminalises “liwat” (sodomy) while Section 23 criminalises “musahaqah” (sexual relations between women). Those found...", "sources": [ { "id": "529533", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "MY-13 - LEG - Sarawak Syariah Criminal Offences Ordinance (Sections 22-23) (2001) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "128", "slug": "malaysia-selangor", "displayName": "Selangor, Malaysia", "country": "Malaysia", "countryCode": "MY", "jurisdictionId": "UN-104", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "MY-10", "name": "Selangor", "slug": "selangor", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "4", "name": "Up to 8 years imprisonment", "color": "#EDB795" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 1, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": 1995, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": true, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "2", "22", "26", "34", "37", "45", "57" ], "summary": "Note that the following Syariah enactments apply to Muslims only.\nSection 27 of the *Selangor Syariah Criminal Offences Enactment* (1995) criminalises “sexual relations between persons of the same gender” and punishes those found guilty with a fine, or to a...", "sources": [ { "id": "529534", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "MY-10 - LEG - Selangor Syariah Criminal Offences Enactment (Sections 27-28) (1995) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529535", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "MY - JUD - Federal Court judgement BKA-3-11 2019 (W) on Selangor Syariah Act (2021) - TR (en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "MY - JUD - Federal Court judgement BKA-3-11 2019 (W) on Selangor Syariah Act (2021) - TR (en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": null } ] }, { "id": "129", "slug": "malaysia-terengganu", "displayName": "Terengganu, Malaysia", "country": "Malaysia", "countryCode": "MY", "jurisdictionId": "UN-104", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "MY-11", "name": "Terengganu", "slug": "terengganu", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "4", "name": "Up to 8 years imprisonment", "color": "#EDB795" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 3, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": 2001, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": true, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 4, "regionIds": [ "2", "22", "26", "34", "37", "45", "57" ], "summary": "Note that the following Syariah enactments apply to Muslims only.\nSection 30 of the *Terengganu Syariah Criminal Offences Enactment* (2001) criminalises “musahaqah” (sexual relations between women) and punishes those found guilty to a maximum prison sentence...", "sources": [ { "id": "529536", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "MY-11 - LEG - Terengganu Syariah Criminal Offences Enactment (Section 30) (2001) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529537", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "MY-11 - LEG - Terengganu Syariah Offences (Hudud and Qisas) Enactment (Sections 14-16) (2003) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529538", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "MY - LEG - Syariah Courts (Criminal Jurisdiction) Act No. 355 (1965) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529539", "order": 4, "section": null, "filename": "MY-11 - LEG - Terengganu Syariah Criminal Offences Enactment (2022) - OR(ms).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Malay" } ] }, { "id": "130", "slug": "maldives", "displayName": "Maldives", "country": "Maldives", "countryCode": "MV", "jurisdictionId": "UN-105", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "4", "name": "Up to 8 years imprisonment", "color": "#EDB795" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 8, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2014, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "2", "21", "26", "37", "45", "57" ], "summary": "Section 411(a)(2) of the Penal Code (*Law No. 6*) (2014) criminalises “unlawful sexual intercourse”, which is committed when a person engages in sexual intercourse with a person of the same sex. “Same-sex intercourse” is defined either as the insertion by a...", "sources": [ { "id": "529540", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "MV - LEG - Penal Code (2014) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "MV - LEG - Penal Code (2014) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": null }, { "id": "529541", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "MV - LEG - Bill on Amendment to the Criminal Procedure Act (2022) - OR-OFF(dv).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Maldivian" } ] }, { "id": "131", "slug": "mali", "displayName": "Mali", "country": "Mali", "countryCode": "ML", "jurisdictionId": "UN-106", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "4", "name": "Up to 8 years imprisonment", "color": "#EDB795" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 7, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": 2024, "lastAmendedYear": 2024, "hasFine": true, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 4, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "25", "31", "32", "39", "45", "47", "57" ], "summary": "Neither the current *Penal Code* (2001) nor the previous *Penal Code* (1961) contain provisions explicitly criminalising consensual same-sex sexual acts between adults. However, state-sponsored targeting by other means has been partially documented, and it...", "sources": [ { "id": "529542", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "ML - LEG - Penal Code (2001) - OR(fr).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "French" }, { "id": "529543", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "ML - LEG - Penal Code (1961) - OR(fr).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "French" }, { "id": "529544", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "ML - EXE - Communique Code Penal (2023) - OR(fr).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "French" }, { "id": "529545", "order": 4, "section": null, "filename": "ML - LEG - Penal Code (2024) - OR-OFF(fr).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "French" } ] }, { "id": "132", "slug": "malta", "displayName": "Malta", "country": "Malta", "countryCode": "MT", "jurisdictionId": "UN-107", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1973, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "11", "27", "37", "38", "40", "46", "50", "57" ], "summary": "In 1973 Malta removed the offence of \"unnatural carnal connection\" from Article 201 of the *Criminal Code* (1854).", "sources": [ { "id": "529546", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "MT - LEG - Criminal Code (1854) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "133", "slug": "marshall-islands", "displayName": "Marshall Islands", "country": "Marshall Islands", "countryCode": "MH", "jurisdictionId": "UN-108", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2005, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "16", "19", "28", "57" ], "summary": "The Criminal Code (Amendment) Act (2005) amended the *Criminal Code* (2011) to decriminalise consensual same-sex sexual activity between adults in private.", "sources": [ { "id": "529547", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "MH - LEG - Criminal Code - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "134", "slug": "mauritania", "displayName": "Mauritania", "country": "Mauritania", "countryCode": "MR", "jurisdictionId": "UN-109", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "death-penalty", "penalty": { "id": "7", "name": "Death Penalty", "color": "#A03E13" }, "deathPenalty": "Yes", "maxPrisonYears": 2, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": 1983, "lastAmendedYear": 1983, "hasFine": true, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "1", "14", "24", "25", "31", "32", "41", "45", "47", "57" ], "summary": "Consensual same-sex sexual acts are criminalised under the Sharia-based *Criminal Code* (1983) as \"indecent acts\" or \"act against nature\" with a person of the same sex.\nAs per Article 308 of the Code, men are liable to be punished with the death penalty by...", "sources": [ { "id": "529548", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "MR - LEG - Criminal Code (1983) - OR-OFF(ar).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Arabic" } ] }, { "id": "135", "slug": "mauritius", "displayName": "Mauritius", "country": "Mauritius", "countryCode": "MU", "jurisdictionId": "UN-110", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2023, "illegalSince": 1838, "lastAmendedYear": 1838, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 3, "regionIds": [ "1", "6", "24", "31", "32", "37", "41", "47", "57" ], "summary": "Until 2023, Article 250(1) of the *Criminal Code* (1838) stipulated that any person found guilty of “sodomy” could face up to 5 years of “penal servitude.”\nIn 2007, the Government proposed the *Sexual Offences Bill* (2007), aiming to remove the offence of...", "sources": [ { "id": "529549", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "MU - LEG - Criminal Code (1838) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529550", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "MU - LEG - Sexual Offences Bill (2007) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529551", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "MU - JUD - SC - Fokeerbux and Others v Mauritius (2023) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "136", "slug": "mexico", "displayName": "Mexico", "country": "Mexico", "countryCode": "MX", "jurisdictionId": "UN-111", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1871, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "12", "13", "18", "29", "44", "48", "50", "52", "57" ], "summary": "Mexico’s first *Federal Penal Code* (1871) entered into force in 1872. This Code made no reference to consensual same-sex acts between adults.\nHowever, other provisions were occasionally used to persecute LGBT people in the country. A well-known example of...", "sources": [ { "id": "529552", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "MX - LEG - Penal Code (1871) - OR(es).PDF", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" } ] }, { "id": "137", "slug": "micronesia", "displayName": "Micronesia", "country": "Micronesia", "countryCode": "FM", "jurisdictionId": "UN-112", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 0, "regionIds": [ "16", "19", "28", "57" ], "summary": "The first 1982 legal code of Federated States of Micronesia (which included criminal provisions) did not contain any provision criminalising same-sex consensual sexual acts between adults and no such provision has been introduced since.", "sources": [] }, { "id": "138", "slug": "moldova", "displayName": "Moldova", "country": "Moldova", "countryCode": "MD", "jurisdictionId": "UN-113", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1995, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "7", "11", "27", "36", "38", "41", "46", "57" ], "summary": "*Law No. 500* (1995) amended the *Criminal Code* (1961) of Moldova by removing the pre-existing sodomy provisions (Article 106) that were carried through from the Soviet Union period which criminalised consensual “homosexual sex” between adults.", "sources": [ { "id": "529553", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "MD - LEG - Law No. 500 (1995) - OR-OFF(ro).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Romanian" }, { "id": "529554", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "MD - LEG - Criminal Code (1961) - OR-OFF(ro).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Romanian" } ] }, { "id": "139", "slug": "monaco", "displayName": "Monaco", "country": "Monaco", "countryCode": "MC", "jurisdictionId": "UN-114", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1793, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "11", "27", "38", "41", "46", "57" ], "summary": "As Monaco was a French possession, any provisions pertaining to sodomy were removed from its *Penal Code* in 1793.", "sources": [ { "id": "529555", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "MC - LEG - Criminal Code (1968) - OR-OFF(fr).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "French" } ] }, { "id": "140", "slug": "mongolia", "displayName": "Mongolia", "country": "Mongolia", "countryCode": "MN", "jurisdictionId": "UN-115", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1961, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "2", "26", "46", "57" ], "summary": "In 1961, under the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party, consensual same-sex sexual acts were decriminalised. This position remained through the new *Criminal Code* (2002).", "sources": [ { "id": "529556", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "MN - LEG - Criminal Code (2002) - OR-OFF(mn).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Mongolian" } ] }, { "id": "141", "slug": "montenegro", "displayName": "Montenegro", "country": "Montenegro", "countryCode": "ME", "jurisdictionId": "UN-116", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1977, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "11", "27", "38", "43", "46", "50", "57" ], "summary": "Though Montenegro has only existed as an independence UN-member State since 2006, the provisions of the 1951 Yugoslavia Criminal Code regarding consensual same-sex relations were rescinded with the adoption of the *Criminal Code* (1977) of the autonomous...", "sources": [ { "id": "529557", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "ME - LEG - Criminal Code (2003) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "ME - LEG - Criminal Code (2003) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": null } ] }, { "id": "142", "slug": "morocco", "displayName": "Morocco", "country": "Morocco", "countryCode": "MA", "jurisdictionId": "UN-117", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "4", "name": "Up to 8 years imprisonment", "color": "#EDB795" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 3, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 1963, "hasFine": true, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "1", "14", "31", "32", "41", "45", "57" ], "summary": "Morocco gained independence from France in 1956. At that moment, no provisions explicitly criminalising consensual same-sex sexual acts were part of the legal framework in force.\nHowever, in 1963 the first Moroccan *Penal Code* (1963) was adopted and under...", "sources": [ { "id": "529558", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "MA - LEG - Penal Code (1963) - OR(ar).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Arabic" } ] }, { "id": "143", "slug": "mozambique", "displayName": "Mozambique", "country": "Mozambique", "countryCode": "MZ", "jurisdictionId": "UN-118", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2015, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 4, "regionIds": [ "1", "6", "23", "24", "31", "32", "37", "45", "47", "57" ], "summary": "In July 2014, the Parliament approved *Law No. 35* (2014) repealing earlier criminalising provisions, namely Articles 70 and 71 of the *Penal Code* (1886), as modified by *Law No. 177* (1912) and *Executive Order-Law No. 39688* (1954). These colonial...", "sources": [ { "id": "529559", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "MZ - LEG - Law 35 (2014) - OR(pt).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Portuguese" }, { "id": "529560", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "PT - LEG - Penal Code (1886) - OR-OFF(pt).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Portuguese" }, { "id": "529561", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "PT - LEG - Law No. 177 (1912) - OR-OFF(pt).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Portuguese" }, { "id": "529562", "order": 4, "section": null, "filename": "PT - LEG - Law No. 39688 (1954) - OR-OFF(pt).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Portuguese" } ] }, { "id": "144", "slug": "myanmar", "displayName": "Myanmar", "country": "Myanmar", "countryCode": "MM", "jurisdictionId": "UN-119", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "5", "name": "10 years to life in prison", "color": "#F5934B" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 10, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 1860, "hasFine": true, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "2", "22", "26", "34", "57" ], "summary": "In 1886, the lndian Penal Code (1860) was brought into British Burma by British colonisers, along with the Code of Penal Procedure (Act No. 24) (1861) and the Evidence Act (Act No. l) (1872).\nUnder Section 377 of this Code, whoever voluntarily had “carnal...", "sources": [ { "id": "529563", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "MM - LEG - Penal Code (1860) - OR(my).pdf", "translatedFilename": "MM - LEG - Penal Code (1860) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": "Burmese" } ] }, { "id": "145", "slug": "namibia", "displayName": "Namibia", "country": "Namibia", "countryCode": "NA", "jurisdictionId": "UN-120", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2024, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "1", "23", "24", "31", "32", "37", "57" ], "summary": "No codified legislation in Namibia directly criminalised same-sex sexual activity, and as such criminalisation is derived from interpretations of Roman-Dutch Common Law. However, the *Criminal Procedure Act 25* (2004) outlined in Article 299 the need for...", "sources": [ { "id": "529564", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "NA - LEG - Criminal Procedure Act 25 (2004) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529565", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "NA - JUD - Dausab v The Minister of Justice (2024) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "146", "slug": "nauru", "displayName": "Nauru", "country": "Nauru", "countryCode": "NR", "jurisdictionId": "UN-121", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2016, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "16", "19", "28", "37", "57" ], "summary": "In May 2016, the *Crimes Act* (2016) repealed the Criminal Code of 1899 that was drawn from the Queensland Criminal Code (1899). The Government of Nauru stated that this law removed homosexuality as an offence.\nNauru had previously accepted three...", "sources": [ { "id": "529566", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "NR - LEG - Crimes Act (2016) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "147", "slug": "nepal", "displayName": "Nepal", "country": "Nepal", "countryCode": "NP", "jurisdictionId": "UN-122", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2007, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 3, "regionIds": [ "2", "21", "26", "57" ], "summary": "Article 1 of Chapter 16 of Part 4 of the *National Code* (1963), locally referred to as “Muluki Ain”, criminalises “unnatural sexual intercourse”, a term which was left undefined and open to different interpretations. The uncertainty, however, was clarified...", "sources": [ { "id": "529567", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "NP - LEG - National Code (1963) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "NP - LEG - National Code (1963) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": null }, { "id": "529568", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "NP -JUD (SC) - Sunil Babu Pant and Others v. Nepal Government and Others (2007) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "NP -JUD (SC) - Sunil Babu Pant and Others v. Nepal Government and Others (2007) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": null }, { "id": "529569", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "NP - LEG - Criminal Code Act (2008) - OR(ne).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Nepali" } ] }, { "id": "148", "slug": "netherlands", "displayName": "Netherlands", "country": "Netherlands", "countryCode": "NL", "jurisdictionId": "UN-123", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1811, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "11", "27", "38", "40", "43", "46", "50", "55", "57" ], "summary": "When the Kingdom of Holland was annexed by France in 1811, the *Napoleonic Penal Code* (1810) came into operation containing no provision on sodomy. This status also applies in the current *Penal Code* (1881).", "sources": [ { "id": "529570", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "FR - LEG - Penal Code (1810) - OR(fr).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "French" }, { "id": "529571", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "NL - LEG - Criminal Code (1881) - OR-OFF(nl).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Dutch" } ] }, { "id": "149", "slug": "new-zealand", "displayName": "New Zealand", "country": "New Zealand", "countryCode": "NZ", "jurisdictionId": "UN-124", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1986, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "16", "28", "37", "50", "57" ], "summary": "The General Assembly passed the *Homosexual Law Reform Act* (1986) which decriminalised sexual acts between consenting men aged 16 and over. Same-sex sexual acts between consenting women were not illegal.\nIn February 2017, the government of New Zealand...", "sources": [ { "id": "529572", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "NZ - LEG - Homosexual Law Reform Act (1986) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529573", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "NZ - LEG - Criminal Records (Expungement of Convictions for Historical Homosexual Offences) Act (2018) - OR.OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "150", "slug": "nicaragua", "displayName": "Nicaragua", "country": "Nicaragua", "countryCode": "NI", "jurisdictionId": "UN-125", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2008, "illegalSince": 1974, "lastAmendedYear": 1992, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 5, "regionIds": [ "4", "12", "13", "18", "29", "44", "48", "57" ], "summary": "Article 205 of the *Penal Code* (1974) punished the crime of \"sodomy\", defined as \"intercourse between people of the same sex or against nature\" and \"those who practice it in a scandalous way or outrage public modesty or morality\". Imprisonment between 1 and...", "sources": [ { "id": "529574", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "NI - LEG - Penal Code (1974) - OR-OFF(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" }, { "id": "529575", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "NI - LEG - Law 150 (1992) - OR-OFF(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" }, { "id": "529576", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "NI - CSO - AI Memo 43-03-94 (1994) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529577", "order": 4, "section": null, "filename": "NI - ACA - Sodomy (1995) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529578", "order": 5, "section": null, "filename": "NI - LEG - Penal Code (2007) - OR-OFF(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" } ] }, { "id": "151", "slug": "niger", "displayName": "Niger", "country": "Niger", "countryCode": "NE", "jurisdictionId": "UN-126", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "4", "name": "Up to 8 years imprisonment", "color": "#EDB795" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "Unknown", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": 2025, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": true, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "25", "31", "32", "39", "41", "45", "47", "57" ], "summary": "Niger's *Penal Code* (2003) does not include provisions that explicitly ban consensual same-sex sexual relations between adults. However, ILGA World has learned from various sources that law enforcement officers invoke articles 275 and 276 (which ban “acts of...", "sources": [ { "id": "529579", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "NE - LEG - Penal Code (2003) - OR(fr).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "French" }, { "id": "529580", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "NE - Refoundation Charter (2025) - OR (fr).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "French" } ] }, { "id": "152", "slug": "nigeria", "displayName": "Nigeria", "country": "Nigeria", "countryCode": "NG", "jurisdictionId": "UN-127", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "5", "name": "10 years to life in prison", "color": "#F5934B" }, "deathPenalty": "Yes", "maxPrisonYears": 21, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2014, "hasFine": true, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 4, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "25", "31", "32", "37", "39", "45", "47", "57" ], "summary": "Nigerian criminal law is built of an array of diverse legal frameworks. State-level, federal, and customary or religious law play varying roles in the criminalisation of consensual same-sex sexual acts.\nAt the federal level, the *Criminal Code Act* (2004)...", "sources": [ { "id": "529581", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "NG - LEG - Criminal Code Act (2004) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529582", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "NG - LEG - Penal Code (Northern States) Federal Provisions Act (1959) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529583", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "NG - LEG - Same-Sex Marriage (Prohibition) Act (2013) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529584", "order": 4, "section": null, "filename": "NG - EXE - Press Release Ref CZ.5300 (2024) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "153", "slug": "nigeria-abia", "displayName": "Abia, Nigeria", "country": "Nigeria", "countryCode": "NG", "jurisdictionId": "UN-127", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "NG-AB", "name": "Abia", "slug": "abia", "latitude": 5.598513711056927, "longitude": 7.618746072976245 }, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "5", "name": "10 years to life in prison", "color": "#F5934B" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 14, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2004, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "25", "31", "32", "37", "39", "45", "47", "57" ], "summary": "The federal *Criminal Code Act* (2004) is used as the criminal state law. Under Section 241 this code criminalises consensual same-sex sexual acts (framed as “carnal knowledge of any person against the order of nature”) and imposes a penalty of imprisonment...", "sources": [ { "id": "529585", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "NG - LEG - Criminal Code Act (2004) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "154", "slug": "nigeria-abuja-capital-territory", "displayName": "Abuja Capital Territory, Nigeria", "country": "Nigeria", "countryCode": "NG", "jurisdictionId": "UN-127", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "NG-FC", "name": "Abuja Capital Territory", "slug": "abuja-capital-territory", "latitude": 8.923881569910263, "longitude": 7.151067633103949 }, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "5", "name": "10 years to life in prison", "color": "#F5934B" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 14, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2004, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "25", "31", "32", "37", "39", "45", "47", "57" ], "summary": "The federal *Criminal Code Act* (2004) is used as the criminal state law. Under Section 241 this code criminalises consensual same-sex sexual acts (framed as “carnal knowledge of any person against the order of nature”) and imposes a penalty of imprisonment...", "sources": [ { "id": "529586", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "NG - LEG - Criminal Code Act (2004) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "155", "slug": "nigeria-adamawa", "displayName": "Adamawa, Nigeria", "country": "Nigeria", "countryCode": "NG", "jurisdictionId": "UN-127", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "NG-AD", "name": "Adamawa", "slug": "adamawa", "latitude": 9.532405467776227, "longitude": 12.384303327305863 }, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "5", "name": "10 years to life in prison", "color": "#F5934B" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 14, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2004, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "25", "31", "32", "37", "39", "45", "47", "57" ], "summary": "The federal *Criminal Code Act* (2004) is used as the criminal state law. Under Section 241 this code criminalises consensual same-sex sexual acts (framed as “carnal knowledge of any person against the order of nature”) and imposes a penalty of imprisonment...", "sources": [ { "id": "529587", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "NG - LEG - Criminal Code Act (2004) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "156", "slug": "nigeria-akwa-ibom", "displayName": "Akwa Ibom, Nigeria", "country": "Nigeria", "countryCode": "NG", "jurisdictionId": "UN-127", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "NG-AK", "name": "Akwa Ibom", "slug": "akwa-ibom", "latitude": 4.84384858055442, "longitude": 7.852505876852378 }, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "5", "name": "10 years to life in prison", "color": "#F5934B" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 14, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2004, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "25", "31", "32", "37", "39", "45", "47", "57" ], "summary": "The federal *Criminal Code Act* (2004) is used as the criminal state law. Under Section 241 this code criminalises consensual same-sex sexual acts (framed as “carnal knowledge of any person against the order of nature”) and imposes a penalty of imprisonment...", "sources": [ { "id": "529588", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "NG - LEG - Criminal Code Act (2004) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "157", "slug": "nigeria-anambra", "displayName": "Anambra, Nigeria", "country": "Nigeria", "countryCode": "NG", "jurisdictionId": "UN-127", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "NG-AN", "name": "Anambra", "slug": "anambra", "latitude": 6.096271237284867, "longitude": 6.965064288081656 }, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "5", "name": "10 years to life in prison", "color": "#F5934B" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 14, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2004, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "25", "31", "32", "37", "39", "45", "47", "57" ], "summary": "The federal *Criminal Code Act* (2004) is used as the criminal state law. Under Section 241 this code criminalises consensual same-sex sexual acts (framed as “carnal knowledge of any person against the order of nature”) and imposes a penalty of imprisonment...", "sources": [ { "id": "529589", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "NG - LEG - Criminal Code Act (2004) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "158", "slug": "nigeria-bauchi", "displayName": "Bauchi, Nigeria", "country": "Nigeria", "countryCode": "NG", "jurisdictionId": "UN-127", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "NG-BA", "name": "Bauchi", "slug": "bauchi", "latitude": 10.465324439239591, "longitude": 9.763364139137837 }, "legal": false, "status": "death-penalty", "penalty": { "id": "7", "name": "Death Penalty", "color": "#A03E13" }, "deathPenalty": "Yes", "maxPrisonYears": 14, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2001, "hasFine": true, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 0, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "25", "31", "32", "37", "39", "45", "47", "57" ], "summary": "In 2001, the State adopted a codified law for the implementation of Sharia law based on the code in force in the State of Zamfara. The law punishes sodomy (liwat), defined as \"carnal intercourse against the order of nature with any man or woman\", with death...", "sources": [] }, { "id": "159", "slug": "nigeria-bayelsa", "displayName": "Bayelsa, Nigeria", "country": "Nigeria", "countryCode": "NG", "jurisdictionId": "UN-127", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "NG-BY", "name": "Bayelsa", "slug": "bayelsa", "latitude": 4.763815702376239, "longitude": 5.95932048671174 }, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "5", "name": "10 years to life in prison", "color": "#F5934B" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 14, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2004, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "25", "31", "32", "37", "39", "45", "47", "57" ], "summary": "The federal *Criminal Code Act* (2004) is used as the criminal state law. Under Section 241 this code criminalises consensual same-sex sexual acts (framed as “carnal knowledge of any person against the order of nature”) and imposes a penalty of imprisonment...", "sources": [ { "id": "529590", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "NG - LEG - Criminal Code Act (2004) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "160", "slug": "nigeria-benue", "displayName": "Benue, Nigeria", "country": "Nigeria", "countryCode": "NG", "jurisdictionId": "UN-127", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "NG-BE", "name": "Benue", "slug": "benue", "latitude": 7.334267797415931, "longitude": 8.70157714646628 }, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "5", "name": "10 years to life in prison", "color": "#F5934B" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 14, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2004, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "25", "31", "32", "37", "39", "45", "47", "57" ], "summary": "The federal *Criminal Code Act* (2004) is used as the criminal state law. Under Section 241 this code criminalises consensual same-sex sexual acts (framed as “carnal knowledge of any person against the order of nature”) and imposes a penalty of imprisonment...", "sources": [ { "id": "529591", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "NG - LEG - Criminal Code Act (2004) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "161", "slug": "nigeria-borno", "displayName": "Borno, Nigeria", "country": "Nigeria", "countryCode": "NG", "jurisdictionId": "UN-127", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "NG-BO", "name": "Borno", "slug": "borno", "latitude": 11.830144747072584, "longitude": 13.297644543835656 }, "legal": false, "status": "death-penalty", "penalty": { "id": "7", "name": "Death Penalty", "color": "#A03E13" }, "deathPenalty": "Yes", "maxPrisonYears": 14, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2001, "hasFine": true, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "25", "31", "32", "37", "39", "45", "47", "57" ], "summary": "Section 7 of the Borno State law on *Prostitution, Homosexuality, Brothels and Other Sexual Immoralities* (2000), a law that was passed prior to the enactment of the *Sharia Code of Borno* (2001), imposes the death penalty to “any person who engages in sexual...", "sources": [ { "id": "529592", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "NG - Disclaimer for Shariah Law Sources - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529593", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "NG - Disclaimer for Shariah Law Sources - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "162", "slug": "nigeria-cross-river", "displayName": "Cross River, Nigeria", "country": "Nigeria", "countryCode": "NG", "jurisdictionId": "UN-127", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "NG-CR", "name": "Cross River", "slug": "cross-river", "latitude": 5.759456664861189, "longitude": 8.602685776894209 }, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "5", "name": "10 years to life in prison", "color": "#F5934B" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 14, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2004, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "25", "31", "32", "37", "39", "45", "47", "57" ], "summary": "The federal *Criminal Code Act* (2004) is used as the criminal state law. Under Section 241 this code criminalises consensual same-sex sexual acts (framed as “carnal knowledge of any person against the order of nature”) and imposes a penalty of imprisonment...", "sources": [ { "id": "529594", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "NG - LEG - Criminal Code Act (2004) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "163", "slug": "nigeria-delta", "displayName": "Delta, Nigeria", "country": "Nigeria", "countryCode": "NG", "jurisdictionId": "UN-127", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "NG-DE", "name": "Delta", "slug": "delta", "latitude": 5.470310848488073, "longitude": 5.870395752415253 }, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "5", "name": "10 years to life in prison", "color": "#F5934B" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 14, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2004, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "25", "31", "32", "37", "39", "45", "47", "57" ], "summary": "The federal *Criminal Code Act* (2004) is used as the criminal state law. Under Section 241 this code criminalises consensual same-sex sexual acts (framed as “carnal knowledge of any person against the order of nature”) and imposes a penalty of imprisonment...", "sources": [ { "id": "529595", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "NG - LEG - Criminal Code Act (2004) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "164", "slug": "nigeria-ebonyi", "displayName": "Ebonyi, Nigeria", "country": "Nigeria", "countryCode": "NG", "jurisdictionId": "UN-127", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "NG-EB", "name": "Ebonyi", "slug": "ebonyi", "latitude": 6.272894717555533, "longitude": 8.013072834335343 }, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "5", "name": "10 years to life in prison", "color": "#F5934B" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 14, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2004, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "25", "31", "32", "37", "39", "45", "47", "57" ], "summary": "The federal *Criminal Code Act* (2004) is used as the criminal state law. Under Section 241 this code criminalises consensual same-sex sexual acts (framed as “carnal knowledge of any person against the order of nature”) and imposes a penalty of imprisonment...", "sources": [ { "id": "529596", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "NG - LEG - Criminal Code Act (2004) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "165", "slug": "nigeria-edo", "displayName": "Edo, Nigeria", "country": "Nigeria", "countryCode": "NG", "jurisdictionId": "UN-127", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "NG-ED", "name": "Edo", "slug": "edo", "latitude": 6.539461523683347, "longitude": 5.882853511205407 }, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "5", "name": "10 years to life in prison", "color": "#F5934B" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 14, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2004, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "25", "31", "32", "37", "39", "45", "47", "57" ], "summary": "The federal *Criminal Code Act* (2004) is used as the criminal state law. Under Section 241 this code criminalises consensual same-sex sexual acts (framed as “carnal knowledge of any person against the order of nature”) and imposes a penalty of imprisonment...", "sources": [ { "id": "529597", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "NG - LEG - Criminal Code Act (2004) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "166", "slug": "nigeria-ekiti", "displayName": "Ekiti, Nigeria", "country": "Nigeria", "countryCode": "NG", "jurisdictionId": "UN-127", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "NG-EK", "name": "Ekiti", "slug": "ekiti", "latitude": 7.7116006689244765, "longitude": 5.321950799522893 }, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "5", "name": "10 years to life in prison", "color": "#F5934B" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 14, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2004, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "25", "31", "32", "37", "39", "45", "47", "57" ], "summary": "The federal *Criminal Code Act* (2004) is used as the criminal state law. Under Section 241 this code criminalises consensual same-sex sexual acts (framed as “carnal knowledge of any person against the order of nature”) and imposes a penalty of imprisonment...", "sources": [ { "id": "529598", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "NG - LEG - Criminal Code Act (2004) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "167", "slug": "nigeria-enugu", "displayName": "Enugu, Nigeria", "country": "Nigeria", "countryCode": "NG", "jurisdictionId": "UN-127", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "NG-EN", "name": "Enugu", "slug": "enugu", "latitude": 6.6103364666305575, "longitude": 7.431624688152187 }, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "5", "name": "10 years to life in prison", "color": "#F5934B" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 14, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2004, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "25", "31", "32", "37", "39", "45", "47", "57" ], "summary": "The federal *Criminal Code Act* (2004) is used as the criminal state law. Under Section 241 this code criminalises consensual same-sex sexual acts (framed as “carnal knowledge of any person against the order of nature”) and imposes a penalty of imprisonment...", "sources": [ { "id": "529599", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "NG - LEG - Criminal Code Act (2004) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "168", "slug": "nigeria-gombe", "displayName": "Gombe, Nigeria", "country": "Nigeria", "countryCode": "NG", "jurisdictionId": "UN-127", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "NG-GO", "name": "Gombe", "slug": "gombe", "latitude": 10.327463293589366, "longitude": 11.260012235252152 }, "legal": false, "status": "death-penalty", "penalty": { "id": "7", "name": "Death Penalty", "color": "#A03E13" }, "deathPenalty": "Yes", "maxPrisonYears": 14, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2001, "hasFine": true, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "25", "31", "32", "37", "39", "45", "47", "57" ], "summary": "On 23 November 2001, the state of Gombe enacted it's *Sharia Penal Code Law* (2001). The crime of liwat (sodomy) criminalises \"whoever has carnal intercourse against the order of nature with any man or woman\" and shall be punished: (a) with caning of 100...", "sources": [ { "id": "529600", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "NG - Disclaimer for Shariah Law Sources - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "169", "slug": "nigeria-imo", "displayName": "Imo, Nigeria", "country": "Nigeria", "countryCode": "NG", "jurisdictionId": "UN-127", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "NG-IM", "name": "Imo", "slug": "imo", "latitude": 5.542314885505654, "longitude": 7.035888970481143 }, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "5", "name": "10 years to life in prison", "color": "#F5934B" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 14, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2004, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "25", "31", "32", "37", "39", "45", "47", "57" ], "summary": "The federal *Criminal Code Act* (2004) is used as the criminal state law. Under Section 241 this code criminalises consensual same-sex sexual acts (framed as “carnal knowledge of any person against the order of nature”) and imposes a penalty of imprisonment...", "sources": [ { "id": "529601", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "NG - LEG - Criminal Code Act (2004) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "170", "slug": "nigeria-jigawa", "displayName": "Jigawa, Nigeria", "country": "Nigeria", "countryCode": "NG", "jurisdictionId": "UN-127", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "NG-JI", "name": "Jigawa", "slug": "jigawa", "latitude": 12.351987571753153, "longitude": 9.534524142323123 }, "legal": false, "status": "death-penalty", "penalty": { "id": "7", "name": "Death Penalty", "color": "#A03E13" }, "deathPenalty": "Yes", "maxPrisonYears": 14, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2000, "hasFine": true, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "25", "31", "32", "37", "39", "45", "47", "57" ], "summary": "In August 2000, Jigawa became the sixth Northern Nigerian State to adopt a Sharia Penal Code Law (*Law No. 12*) (2000). Under the crime of liwat (sodomy) the Code criminalises \"whoever has carnal intercourse against the order of nature with any man or woman\"...", "sources": [ { "id": "529602", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "NG - Disclaimer for Shariah Law Sources - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "171", "slug": "nigeria-kaduna", "displayName": "Kaduna, Nigeria", "country": "Nigeria", "countryCode": "NG", "jurisdictionId": "UN-127", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "NG-KD", "name": "Kaduna", "slug": "kaduna", "latitude": 10.327463293589366, "longitude": 7.7710968755620335 }, "legal": false, "status": "death-penalty", "penalty": { "id": "7", "name": "Death Penalty", "color": "#A03E13" }, "deathPenalty": "Yes", "maxPrisonYears": 21, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2017, "hasFine": true, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "25", "31", "32", "37", "39", "45", "47", "57" ], "summary": "In 2001, Kaduna enacted its Sharia Penal Code Law (*Law No. 4*) (2002). Under the crime of liwat (sodomy) the Code punishes \"whoever has anal coitus with any man\" with death by stoning (rajm). Under the crime of sihaq (lesbianism), \"whoever, being a woman,...", "sources": [ { "id": "529603", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "NG - Disclaimer for Shariah Law Sources - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529604", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "NG-KD - LEG - Penal Code (2017) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "172", "slug": "nigeria-kano", "displayName": "Kano, Nigeria", "country": "Nigeria", "countryCode": "NG", "jurisdictionId": "UN-127", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "NG-KN", "name": "Kano", "slug": "kano", "latitude": 11.773946227778602, "longitude": 8.458670460321105 }, "legal": false, "status": "death-penalty", "penalty": { "id": "7", "name": "Death Penalty", "color": "#A03E13" }, "deathPenalty": "Yes", "maxPrisonYears": 14, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2021, "hasFine": true, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "25", "31", "32", "37", "39", "45", "47", "57" ], "summary": "In June 2000, the Prostitution and Other Immoral Acts (Prohibition) Law (2000) banned “prostitution, solicitation for prostitution, the keeping of brothels, and acting, behaving or dressing by males—in a manner which imitates the behavioural attitude of...", "sources": [ { "id": "529605", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "NG - Disclaimer for Shariah Law Sources - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "173", "slug": "nigeria-katsina", "displayName": "Katsina, Nigeria", "country": "Nigeria", "countryCode": "NG", "jurisdictionId": "UN-127", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "NG-KT", "name": "Katsina", "slug": "katsina", "latitude": 12.549778202630373, "longitude": 7.572513459814504 }, "legal": false, "status": "death-penalty", "penalty": { "id": "7", "name": "Death Penalty", "color": "#A03E13" }, "deathPenalty": "Yes", "maxPrisonYears": 14, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2001, "hasFine": true, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "25", "31", "32", "37", "39", "45", "47", "57" ], "summary": "In 2001, Katsina adopted its Sharia Penal Code Law (*Law No. 2*) (2001). Under this Code, the provision criminalising liwat (sodomy) punishes \"whoever has carnal intercourse against the order of nature with any man or woman through her rectum\" with stoning to...", "sources": [ { "id": "529606", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "NG - Disclaimer for Shariah Law Sources - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "174", "slug": "nigeria-kebbi", "displayName": "Kebbi, Nigeria", "country": "Nigeria", "countryCode": "NG", "jurisdictionId": "UN-127", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "NG-KE", "name": "Kebbi", "slug": "kebbi", "latitude": 11.483417666726464, "longitude": 4.0394448246864965 }, "legal": false, "status": "death-penalty", "penalty": { "id": "7", "name": "Death Penalty", "color": "#A03E13" }, "deathPenalty": "Yes", "maxPrisonYears": 14, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2000, "hasFine": true, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "25", "31", "32", "37", "39", "45", "47", "57" ], "summary": "In 2000, with the enactment of the Penal Code (Amendment) Law (*Law No. 21*) (2000), the State of Kebbi enacted a codified law for the implementation of Sharia law, following the one adopted in Zamfara. The provision that penalises liwat (sodomy) punishes...", "sources": [ { "id": "529607", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "NG - Disclaimer for Shariah Law Sources - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "175", "slug": "nigeria-kogi", "displayName": "Kogi, Nigeria", "country": "Nigeria", "countryCode": "NG", "jurisdictionId": "UN-127", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "NG-KO", "name": "Kogi", "slug": "kogi", "latitude": 7.791884180413795, "longitude": 6.607543935213743 }, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "5", "name": "10 years to life in prison", "color": "#F5934B" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 14, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2004, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "25", "31", "32", "37", "39", "45", "47", "57" ], "summary": "The federal *Criminal Code Act* (2004) is used as the criminal state law. Under Section 241 this code criminalises consensual same-sex sexual acts (framed as “carnal knowledge of any person against the order of nature”) and imposes a penalty of imprisonment...", "sources": [ { "id": "529608", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "NG - LEG - Criminal Code Act (2004) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "176", "slug": "nigeria-kwara", "displayName": "Kwara, Nigeria", "country": "Nigeria", "countryCode": "NG", "jurisdictionId": "UN-127", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "NG-KW", "name": "Kwara", "slug": "kwara", "latitude": 8.563578638884085, "longitude": 4.821847080713505 }, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "5", "name": "10 years to life in prison", "color": "#F5934B" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 14, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2004, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "25", "31", "32", "37", "39", "45", "47", "57" ], "summary": "The federal *Criminal Code Act* (2004) is used as the criminal state law. Under Section 241 this code criminalises consensual same-sex sexual acts (framed as “carnal knowledge of any person against the order of nature”) and imposes a penalty of imprisonment...", "sources": [ { "id": "529609", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "NG - LEG - Criminal Code Act (2004) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "177", "slug": "nigeria-lagos", "displayName": "Lagos, Nigeria", "country": "Nigeria", "countryCode": "NG", "jurisdictionId": "UN-127", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "NG-LA", "name": "Lagos", "slug": "lagos", "latitude": 6.507347996584704, "longitude": 3.623844511391416 }, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "5", "name": "10 years to life in prison", "color": "#F5934B" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 14, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2004, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "25", "31", "32", "37", "39", "45", "47", "57" ], "summary": "The federal *Criminal Code Act* (2004) is used as the criminal state law. Under Section 241 this code criminalises consensual same-sex sexual acts (framed as “carnal knowledge of any person against the order of nature”) and imposes a penalty of imprisonment...", "sources": [ { "id": "529610", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "NG - LEG - Criminal Code Act (2004) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "178", "slug": "nigeria-nassarawa", "displayName": "Nassarawa, Nigeria", "country": "Nigeria", "countryCode": "NG", "jurisdictionId": "UN-127", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "NG-NA", "name": "Nassarawa", "slug": "nassarawa", "latitude": 8.456857230884877, "longitude": 8.19741861034457 }, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "5", "name": "10 years to life in prison", "color": "#F5934B" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 14, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2004, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "25", "31", "32", "37", "39", "45", "47", "57" ], "summary": "The federal *Criminal Code Act* (2004) is used as the criminal state law. Under Section 241 this code criminalises consensual same-sex sexual acts (framed as “carnal knowledge of any person against the order of nature”) and imposes a penalty of imprisonment...", "sources": [ { "id": "529611", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "NG - LEG - Criminal Code Act (2004) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "179", "slug": "nigeria-niger", "displayName": "Niger, Nigeria", "country": "Nigeria", "countryCode": "NG", "jurisdictionId": "UN-127", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "NG-NI", "name": "Niger", "slug": "niger", "latitude": 9.774886975451414, "longitude": 5.722543487018683 }, "legal": false, "status": "death-penalty", "penalty": { "id": "7", "name": "Death Penalty", "color": "#A03E13" }, "deathPenalty": "Yes", "maxPrisonYears": 14, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2000, "hasFine": true, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 0, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "25", "31", "32", "37", "39", "45", "47", "57" ], "summary": "Niger was the third state to enact Sharia law, after Zamfara and Sokoto, in May 2000. However, instead of adopting a new Sharia Penal Code, Niger enacted the Penal Code (Amendment) Law (2000) to reform its existing Penal Code. This amendment added a new...", "sources": [] }, { "id": "180", "slug": "nigeria-ogun", "displayName": "Ogun, Nigeria", "country": "Nigeria", "countryCode": "NG", "jurisdictionId": "UN-127", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "NG-OG", "name": "Ogun", "slug": "ogun", "latitude": 6.9489073097759535, "longitude": 3.369679203734552 }, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "5", "name": "10 years to life in prison", "color": "#F5934B" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 14, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2004, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "25", "31", "32", "37", "39", "45", "47", "57" ], "summary": "The federal *Criminal Code Act* (2004) is used as the criminal state law. Under Section 241 this code criminalises consensual same-sex sexual acts (framed as “carnal knowledge of any person against the order of nature”) and imposes a penalty of imprisonment...", "sources": [ { "id": "529612", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "NG - LEG - Criminal Code Act (2004) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "181", "slug": "nigeria-ondo", "displayName": "Ondo, Nigeria", "country": "Nigeria", "countryCode": "NG", "jurisdictionId": "UN-127", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "NG-ON", "name": "Ondo", "slug": "ondo", "latitude": 7.053275507203317, "longitude": 5.274175614190347 }, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "5", "name": "10 years to life in prison", "color": "#F5934B" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 14, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2004, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "25", "31", "32", "37", "39", "45", "47", "57" ], "summary": "The federal *Criminal Code Act* (2004) is used as the criminal state law. Under Section 241 this code criminalises consensual same-sex sexual acts (framed as “carnal knowledge of any person against the order of nature”) and imposes a penalty of imprisonment...", "sources": [ { "id": "529613", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "NG - LEG - Criminal Code Act (2004) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "182", "slug": "nigeria-osun", "displayName": "Osun, Nigeria", "country": "Nigeria", "countryCode": "NG", "jurisdictionId": "UN-127", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "NG-OS", "name": "Osun", "slug": "osun", "latitude": 7.4787783631025375, "longitude": 4.546471184645885 }, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "5", "name": "10 years to life in prison", "color": "#F5934B" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 14, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2004, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "25", "31", "32", "37", "39", "45", "47", "57" ], "summary": "The federal *Criminal Code Act* (2004) is used as the criminal state law. Under Section 241 this code criminalises consensual same-sex sexual acts (framed as “carnal knowledge of any person against the order of nature”) and imposes a penalty of imprisonment...", "sources": [ { "id": "529614", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "NG - LEG - Criminal Code Act (2004) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "183", "slug": "nigeria-oyo", "displayName": "Oyo, Nigeria", "country": "Nigeria", "countryCode": "NG", "jurisdictionId": "UN-127", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "NG-OY", "name": "Oyo", "slug": "oyo", "latitude": 8.153159982115726, "longitude": 3.600247417262669 }, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "5", "name": "10 years to life in prison", "color": "#F5934B" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 14, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2004, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "25", "31", "32", "37", "39", "45", "47", "57" ], "summary": "The federal *Criminal Code Act* (2004) is used as the criminal state law. Under Section 241 this code criminalises consensual same-sex sexual acts (framed as “carnal knowledge of any person against the order of nature”) and imposes a penalty of imprisonment...", "sources": [ { "id": "529615", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "NG - LEG - Criminal Code Act (2004) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "184", "slug": "nigeria-plateau", "displayName": "Plateau, Nigeria", "country": "Nigeria", "countryCode": "NG", "jurisdictionId": "UN-127", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "NG-PL", "name": "Plateau", "slug": "plateau", "latitude": 9.076420364242884, "longitude": 9.697482008213091 }, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "5", "name": "10 years to life in prison", "color": "#F5934B" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 14, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2004, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "25", "31", "32", "37", "39", "45", "47", "57" ], "summary": "The federal *Criminal Code Act* (2004) is used as the criminal state law. Under Section 241 this code criminalises consensual same-sex sexual acts (framed as “carnal knowledge of any person against the order of nature”) and imposes a penalty of imprisonment...", "sources": [ { "id": "529616", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "NG - LEG - Criminal Code Act (2004) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "185", "slug": "nigeria-rivers", "displayName": "Rivers, Nigeria", "country": "Nigeria", "countryCode": "NG", "jurisdictionId": "UN-127", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "NG-RI", "name": "Rivers", "slug": "rivers", "latitude": 4.964524481099534, "longitude": 6.779082822022898 }, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "5", "name": "10 years to life in prison", "color": "#F5934B" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 14, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2004, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "25", "31", "32", "37", "39", "45", "47", "57" ], "summary": "The federal *Criminal Code Act* (2004) is used as the criminal state law. Under Section 241 this code criminalises consensual same-sex sexual acts (framed as “carnal knowledge of any person against the order of nature”) and imposes a penalty of imprisonment...", "sources": [ { "id": "529617", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "NG - LEG - Criminal Code Act (2004) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "186", "slug": "nigeria-sokoto", "displayName": "Sokoto, Nigeria", "country": "Nigeria", "countryCode": "NG", "jurisdictionId": "UN-127", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "NG-SO", "name": "Sokoto", "slug": "sokoto", "latitude": 13.19921628906912, "longitude": 5.364207551699566 }, "legal": false, "status": "death-penalty", "penalty": { "id": "7", "name": "Death Penalty", "color": "#A03E13" }, "deathPenalty": "Yes", "maxPrisonYears": 14, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2000, "hasFine": true, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "25", "31", "32", "37", "39", "45", "47", "57" ], "summary": "The state of Sokoto, regarded as the centre of Islam in Nigeria, was the second State to implement Sharia law. In 2000, the *Sharia Penal Code Law* (2000) was enacted, following the Code in force in the state of Zamfara. The provision penalising liwat...", "sources": [ { "id": "529618", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "NG - Disclaimer for Shariah Law Sources - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "187", "slug": "nigeria-taraba", "displayName": "Taraba, Nigeria", "country": "Nigeria", "countryCode": "NG", "jurisdictionId": "UN-127", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "NG-TA", "name": "Taraba", "slug": "taraba", "latitude": 8.040762943527762, "longitude": 10.58375312205248 }, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "5", "name": "10 years to life in prison", "color": "#F5934B" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 14, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2004, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "25", "31", "32", "37", "39", "45", "47", "57" ], "summary": "The federal *Criminal Code Act* (2004) is used as the criminal state law. Under Section 241 this code criminalises consensual same-sex sexual acts (framed as “carnal knowledge of any person against the order of nature”) and imposes a penalty of imprisonment...", "sources": [ { "id": "529619", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "NG - LEG - Criminal Code Act (2004) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "188", "slug": "nigeria-yobe", "displayName": "Yobe, Nigeria", "country": "Nigeria", "countryCode": "NG", "jurisdictionId": "UN-127", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "NG-YO", "name": "Yobe", "slug": "yobe", "latitude": 12.392129327497813, "longitude": 11.493439761515315 }, "legal": false, "status": "death-penalty", "penalty": { "id": "7", "name": "Death Penalty", "color": "#A03E13" }, "deathPenalty": "Yes", "maxPrisonYears": 14, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2001, "hasFine": true, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 0, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "25", "31", "32", "37", "39", "45", "47", "57" ], "summary": "In 2001, Yobe enacted Sharia Penal Code Law (2001) to enact Sharia law, adopting a Code that followed the one already in force in the state of Zamfara. The provisions penalising liwat (sodomy) punishes \"whoever has anal coitus with any man\" with stoning to...", "sources": [] }, { "id": "189", "slug": "nigeria-zamfara", "displayName": "Zamfara, Nigeria", "country": "Nigeria", "countryCode": "NG", "jurisdictionId": "UN-127", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "NG-ZA", "name": "Zamfara", "slug": "zamfara", "latitude": 12.044660166726954, "longitude": 6.188822273099272 }, "legal": false, "status": "death-penalty", "penalty": { "id": "7", "name": "Death Penalty", "color": "#A03E13" }, "deathPenalty": "Yes", "maxPrisonYears": 14, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2005, "hasFine": true, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 0, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "25", "31", "32", "37", "39", "45", "47", "57" ], "summary": "On 19 September 1999, the governor of Zamfara announced he would fulfil a campaign promise to implement Sharia law through the state’s legislative process, which marked the beginning of the implementation of the Sharia Penal Codes in northern Nigeria....", "sources": [] }, { "id": "190", "slug": "north-korea", "displayName": "North Korea", "country": "North Korea", "countryCode": "KP", "jurisdictionId": "UN-128", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "2", "26", "57" ], "summary": "There appears to be no legislation explicitly penalising consensual same-sex sexual activities between adults in the *Criminal Code* (1950), which was updated in 2009.", "sources": [ { "id": "529620", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "KP - LEG - Criminal Code (2009) - OR(ko).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Korean" } ] }, { "id": "191", "slug": "north-macedonia", "displayName": "North Macedonia", "country": "North Macedonia", "countryCode": "MK", "jurisdictionId": "UN-129", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1996, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "11", "27", "38", "41", "43", "46", "50", "57" ], "summary": "The *Criminal Code* (1996) removed provisions regarding consensual same-sex sexual acts between men (penalised with one year in jail) as were previously encoded under Article 101.", "sources": [ { "id": "529621", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "MK - LEG - Criminal Code (1996) - OR-OFF(mk).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Macedonian" } ] }, { "id": "192", "slug": "norway", "displayName": "Norway", "country": "Norway", "countryCode": "NO", "jurisdictionId": "UN-130", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1972, "illegalSince": 1902, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "11", "27", "38", "43", "46", "50", "57" ], "summary": "“Indecent intercourse” between men was decriminalised by the repeal of Paragraph 213 in Norway’s *Penal Code* (1972). Following the repeal, the age of consent was set at 16 for both same-sex and different-sex sexual acts.", "sources": [ { "id": "529622", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "NO - LEG - Criminal Code (2005) - OR-OFF(nn).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Norwegian" } ] }, { "id": "193", "slug": "oman", "displayName": "Oman", "country": "Oman", "countryCode": "OM", "jurisdictionId": "UN-131", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "4", "name": "Up to 8 years imprisonment", "color": "#EDB795" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 3, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2018, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "2", "14", "17", "26", "45", "57" ], "summary": "The Penal Law promulgated by *Royal Decree No. 7* (2018) repealed the prior Penal Code (1974) which under Article 223 had criminalised “erotic acts with a person of the same sex” and “homosexual or lesbian intercourse” with imprisonment from six months to...", "sources": [ { "id": "529623", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "OM - LEG - Penal Code (2018) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "OM - LEG - Penal Code (2018) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": null } ] }, { "id": "194", "slug": "pakistan", "displayName": "Pakistan", "country": "Pakistan", "countryCode": "PK", "jurisdictionId": "UN-132", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "death-penalty", "penalty": { "id": "6", "name": "Death Penalty (possible)", "color": "#D6643A" }, "deathPenalty": "No legal certainty", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "Life in prison", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 1860, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 3, "regionIds": [ "2", "21", "26", "37", "45", "57" ], "summary": "Section 377 of the Penal Code (*Act No. XLV*) (1860) punishes “carnal intercourse against the order of nature” with up to life in prison. It is further explained that “penetration is sufficient to constitute the carnal intercourse” (i.e., no need to prove...", "sources": [ { "id": "529624", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "PK - LEG - Penal Code (1860) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529625", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "PK - LEG - Offence of Zina (Enforcement of Hudood) Ordinance (1979) - OR.OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529626", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "PK - JUD - Shariat Petition No. 5 (2023) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "195", "slug": "palau", "displayName": "Palau", "country": "Palau", "countryCode": "PW", "jurisdictionId": "UN-133", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2014, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "16", "19", "28", "57" ], "summary": "Palau repealed legal provisions that criminalised consensual same-sex sexual activity between men by introducing a new *Penal Code* (2013, in force 2014) with no such provisions.\nPalau had previously accepted three recommendations to decriminalise same-sex...", "sources": [ { "id": "529627", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "PW - LEG - Penal Code (2013) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "196", "slug": "panama", "displayName": "Panama", "country": "Panama", "countryCode": "PA", "jurisdictionId": "UN-134", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2008, "illegalSince": 1949, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "4", "12", "13", "18", "29", "44", "48", "57" ], "summary": "*Presidential Decree No. 332* (2008) repealed Article 12 of Presidential Decree No. 149 (1949), which criminalised \"sodomy.\" The 2008 decree states that \"sodomy was the term used to refer to homosexuality before 1973\".\nAs per Article 133(12) of Executive...", "sources": [ { "id": "529628", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "PA - LEG - Executive Order No. 332 (2008) - OR-OFF(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" } ] }, { "id": "197", "slug": "papua-new-guinea", "displayName": "Papua New Guinea", "country": "Papua New Guinea", "countryCode": "PG", "jurisdictionId": "UN-135", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "5", "name": "10 years to life in prison", "color": "#F5934B" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 14, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 1974, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "16", "19", "28", "37", "57" ], "summary": "The Criminal Code of Papua New Guinea was adopted in the early 20th century, largely unchanged from the British Penal Code of the Australian Colony of Queensland (1899). Section 208 criminalised \"unnatural offences\", defined as \"carnal knowledge of any person...", "sources": [ { "id": "529629", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "PG - LEG - Criminal Code (Sexual Offences and Crimes Against Children) Act (2002) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529630", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "PG - LEG - Criminal Code (1974) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "198", "slug": "paraguay", "displayName": "Paraguay", "country": "Paraguay", "countryCode": "PY", "jurisdictionId": "UN-136", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1990, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 5, "regionIds": [ "12", "13", "18", "20", "29", "42", "44", "48", "57" ], "summary": "The first *Penal Code of Paraguay* (1880) was adapted from the *Penal Code of the Province of Buenos Aires* (1877) (Argentina). This code punished the crime of “sodomy” under Article 256. Similarly to the situation in Argentina, this Article was provisioned...", "sources": [ { "id": "529631", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "PY - LEG - Penal Code (1880) - OR(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" }, { "id": "529632", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "AR - LEG - Penal Code Province of Buenos Aires (1877) - OR(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" }, { "id": "529633", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "PY - LEG - Penal Code (1910) - OR-OFF(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" }, { "id": "529634", "order": 4, "section": null, "filename": "PY - LEG - Law No. 104-90 (1990) - OR-OFF(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" }, { "id": "529635", "order": 5, "section": null, "filename": "PY - LEG - Penal Code (2015) - OR-OFF(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" } ] }, { "id": "199", "slug": "peru", "displayName": "Peru", "country": "Peru", "countryCode": "PE", "jurisdictionId": "UN-137", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1924, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 4, "regionIds": [ "12", "13", "18", "20", "29", "33", "44", "48", "57" ], "summary": "Article 272 of the *Penal Code* (1863) criminalised sodomy. Since 1924, with the sanction of a new *Criminal Code* (1924), consensual sexual acts between people of the same sex are not criminalised.\nCivil society organisations have indicated that Article 183...", "sources": [ { "id": "529636", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "PE - LEG - Penal Code (1863) - OR(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" }, { "id": "529637", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "PE - LEG - Penal Code (1924) - OR(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" }, { "id": "529638", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "PE - LEG - Penal Code (2016) - OR-OFF(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" }, { "id": "529639", "order": 4, "section": null, "filename": "PE - LEG - Police Military Penal Code (Legislative Decree No. 1,094) (2010) - OR-OFF(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" } ] }, { "id": "200", "slug": "philippines", "displayName": "Philippines", "country": "Philippines", "countryCode": "PH", "jurisdictionId": "UN-138", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1870, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "2", "22", "26", "34", "57" ], "summary": "The colonial *Spanish Penal Code* (1870), which contained no provisions criminalising same-sex sexual relations between consenting adults, applied in the territory until the approval of the *Revised Penal Code* (1932) which likewise did not include such...", "sources": [ { "id": "529640", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "ES - LEG - Penal Code (1870) - OR-OFF(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" }, { "id": "529641", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "PH - LEG - Revised Penal Code (1930) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "201", "slug": "poland", "displayName": "Poland", "country": "Poland", "countryCode": "PL", "jurisdictionId": "UN-139", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1932, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "7", "11", "27", "38", "40", "43", "46", "57" ], "summary": "After its independence in 1918, Poland returned to the Napoleonic tradition that it had employed in the early-19th century, and subsequently its *Penal Code* (1932) held no criminalising provisions regarding consensual same-sex sexual relations amongst...", "sources": [ { "id": "529642", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "PL - LEG - Criminal Code (1932) - OR-OFF(pl).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Polish" } ] }, { "id": "202", "slug": "portugal", "displayName": "Portugal", "country": "Portugal", "countryCode": "PT", "jurisdictionId": "UN-140", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1982, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "11", "27", "38", "40", "43", "46", "50", "57" ], "summary": "The country’s long tradition in criminalising “sodomy acts” ended in 1982 with the entry into force of a new *Penal Code* (1982). The new Code revoked the criminalisation of same-sex sexual acts between consenting adults.", "sources": [ { "id": "529643", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "PT - LEG - Penal Code (1982) - OR-OFF(pt).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Portuguese" } ] }, { "id": "203", "slug": "qatar", "displayName": "Qatar", "country": "Qatar", "countryCode": "QA", "jurisdictionId": "UN-141", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "death-penalty", "penalty": { "id": "6", "name": "Death Penalty (possible)", "color": "#D6643A" }, "deathPenalty": "No legal certainty", "maxPrisonYears": 10, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2004, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "2", "14", "17", "26", "45", "57" ], "summary": "Article 285 of the Penal Code (*Law No. 11*) (2004) states that whoever “copulates with a male over sixteen years of age without compulsion, duress, or ruse shall be punished with imprisonment for a term up to 7 years”. The same penalty applies “to the male...", "sources": [ { "id": "529644", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "QA - LEG - Penal Code (2004) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "QA - LEG - Penal Code (2004) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": null }, { "id": "529645", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "QA - UN - Record 134 Session (2022) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "204", "slug": "romania", "displayName": "Romania", "country": "Romania", "countryCode": "RO", "jurisdictionId": "UN-142", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1996, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "7", "11", "27", "38", "40", "41", "43", "46", "57" ], "summary": "In 1996, Article 200 of the *Penal Code* (1968) was amended to eliminate the criminalisation of “sexual relations between persons of the same-sex” (punished until then with 1 to 5 years’ imprisonment). However, at the same time regressive provisions were...", "sources": [ { "id": "529646", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "RO - LEG - Penal Code (1968) - OR-OFF(ro).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Romanian" }, { "id": "529647", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "RO - LEG - Emergency Ordinance No. 89 (2001) - OR(ro).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Romanian" } ] }, { "id": "205", "slug": "russia", "displayName": "Russia", "country": "Russia", "countryCode": "RU", "jurisdictionId": "UN-143", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1993, "illegalSince": 1934, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 3, "regionIds": [ "7", "11", "27", "36", "38", "46", "49", "52", "57" ], "summary": "During Czarist Russia, consensual same-sex sexual acts were criminalised under Article 995 of the Penal Code and punished with banishment to Siberia for up to 5 years. This provision was repealed after the October Revolution in 1917.\nHowever, in 1934, sodomy...", "sources": [ { "id": "529648", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "RU - LEG - Criminal Code of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1960) - OR(ru).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Russian" }, { "id": "529649", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "RU - LEG - Law no. 4901-1 (1993) - OR(ru).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Russian" }, { "id": "529650", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "RU - LEG - Sharia Criminal Code Chechnya (1996) - OR(ru).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Russian" } ] }, { "id": "206", "slug": "rwanda", "displayName": "Rwanda", "country": "Rwanda", "countryCode": "RW", "jurisdictionId": "UN-144", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "1", "6", "24", "31", "32", "37", "41", "47", "57" ], "summary": "Neither the current *Penal Code* of Rwanda (2018), nor the previous *Penal Code* (1980), contain provisions expressly criminalising consensual same-sex sexual acts. Attempts to criminalise failed in 2009 and 2010. Sections 358 and 362 of the Code set the age...", "sources": [ { "id": "529651", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "RW - LEG - Penal Code (2018) - OR(fr).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "French" }, { "id": "529652", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "RW - LEG - Penal Code (1980) - OR(fr).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "French" } ] }, { "id": "207", "slug": "saint-kitts-and-nevis", "displayName": "Saint Kitts and Nevis", "country": "Saint Kitts and Nevis", "countryCode": "KN", "jurisdictionId": "UN-145", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2022, "illegalSince": 1873, "lastAmendedYear": 2002, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "3", "8", "13", "18", "30", "35", "37", "44", "57" ], "summary": "Article 56 of the *Offences Against the Person Act* (1873) criminalised “buggery” with a penalty of imprisonment for up to 10 years, with or without hard labour. Attempted \"buggery\" was punished under Article 57 with imprisonment of up to four years, with or...", "sources": [ { "id": "529653", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "KN - LEG - Offences Against the Person Act (1873) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529654", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "KN - JUD - Jamal Jeffers et al v The Attorney General Of St. Christopher And Nevis (2022) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "208", "slug": "saint-lucia", "displayName": "Saint Lucia", "country": "Saint Lucia", "countryCode": "LC", "jurisdictionId": "UN-146", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2025, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2004, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "3", "8", "13", "18", "30", "35", "37", "41", "44", "57" ], "summary": "Section 133 of the *Criminal Code* (2004) criminalises “buggery” (defined as “sexual intercourse per anus by a male person with another male person”) with a maximum punishment of 10 years' imprisonment. Further, any \"attempt to commit buggery\" is punished...", "sources": [ { "id": "529655", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "LC - LEG - Criminal Code (2004) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "209", "slug": "saint-vincent-and-the-grenadines", "displayName": "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines", "country": "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines", "countryCode": "VC", "jurisdictionId": "UN-147", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "5", "name": "10 years to life in prison", "color": "#F5934B" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 10, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 1988, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 3, "regionIds": [ "3", "8", "13", "18", "30", "35", "37", "44", "57" ], "summary": "Section 146 of the *Criminal Code* (1988) establishes that any person who commits \"buggery\" with any other person or permits any person to commit buggery with him or her is guilty of an offence and liable to imprisonment for ten years. Under Section 148, the...", "sources": [ { "id": "529656", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "VC - LEG - Criminal Code (1988) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529657", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "VC - JUD - Javin Johnson v Attorney General and Sean Macleish v Attorney General Consolidated (2019) - OR-OFF (en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529658", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "VC - JUD - Judgement of Javin Johnson v Attorney General and Sean Macleish v Attorney General (2019) - OR-OFF (en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "210", "slug": "samoa", "displayName": "Samoa", "country": "Samoa", "countryCode": "WS", "jurisdictionId": "UN-148", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "4", "name": "Up to 8 years imprisonment", "color": "#EDB795" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 7, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2013, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "16", "19", "28", "37", "57" ], "summary": "In 2013, Samoa enacted the *Crimes Act* (2013), amending Section 58D of the *Crimes Ordinance* (1961), which decriminalised \"indecent acts\" between males. However, Section 67 still punishes \"sodomy\", prescribing different penalties according to the specific...", "sources": [ { "id": "529659", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "WS - LEG - Crimes Act (2013) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529660", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "WS - LEG - Crimes Ordinance (2009) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "211", "slug": "san-marino", "displayName": "San Marino", "country": "San Marino", "countryCode": "SM", "jurisdictionId": "UN-149", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2004, "illegalSince": 1975, "lastAmendedYear": 1975, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "11", "27", "38", "46", "57" ], "summary": "Although San Marino decriminalised “sodomy” in 1864, in 1975 the new *Penal Code* (1974, in force since 1975) introduced Article 274, criminalising those who “habitually commit acts of lust with persons of the same sex”. Under this provision consensual...", "sources": [ { "id": "529661", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "SM - LEG - Criminal Code (1975) - OR-OFF(it).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Italian" }, { "id": "529662", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "SM - LEG - Law No. 121 (2004) - OR-OFF(it).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Italian" } ] }, { "id": "212", "slug": "sao-tome-e-principe", "displayName": "Sao Tome e Principe", "country": "Sao Tome e Principe", "countryCode": "ST", "jurisdictionId": "UN-150", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2012, "illegalSince": 1886, "lastAmendedYear": 1954, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 4, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "31", "32", "41", "57" ], "summary": "In 2012, Sao Tome and Príncipe enacted a *Penal Code* (2012) containing no provision criminalising consensual same-sex sexual acts between adults. This Code repealed former references to “vices against nature” that were contained in the earlier colonial-era...", "sources": [ { "id": "529663", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "ST - LEG - Penal Code (2012) - OR-OFF(pt).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Portuguese" }, { "id": "529664", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "PT - LEG - Penal Code (1886) - OR-OFF(pt).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Portuguese" }, { "id": "529665", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "PT - LEG - Law No. 177 (1912) - OR-OFF(pt).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Portuguese" }, { "id": "529666", "order": 4, "section": null, "filename": "PT - LEG - Law No. 39688 (1954) - OR-OFF(pt).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Portuguese" } ] }, { "id": "213", "slug": "saudi-arabia", "displayName": "Saudi Arabia", "country": "Saudi Arabia", "countryCode": "SA", "jurisdictionId": "UN-151", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "death-penalty", "penalty": { "id": "7", "name": "Death Penalty", "color": "#A03E13" }, "deathPenalty": "Yes", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "Unknown", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2001, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 3, "regionIds": [ "2", "14", "17", "26", "45", "52", "57" ], "summary": "There is no codified Penal Law in Saudi Arabia. The *Constitution* (1992) upholds the primacy of the Qur'an and Sunnah as the basis for the law in Saudi Arabia, while Article 1 of the *Law of Criminal Procedure* (2001) stipulates that courts \"shall apply...", "sources": [ { "id": "529667", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "SA - LEG - Constitution of 1992 (2013) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "SA - LEG - Constitution of 1992 (2013) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": null }, { "id": "529668", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "SA - LEG - Law of Criminal Procedure (2001) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "SA - LEG - Law of Criminal Procedure (2001) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": null }, { "id": "529669", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "SA - Relevant Provisions - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "SA - Relevant Provisions - TR(es).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "214", "slug": "senegal", "displayName": "Senegal", "country": "Senegal", "countryCode": "SN", "jurisdictionId": "UN-152", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "5", "name": "10 years to life in prison", "color": "#F5934B" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 10, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": 1966, "lastAmendedYear": 2026, "hasFine": true, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "1", "25", "31", "32", "39", "41", "45", "47", "57" ], "summary": "Since March 2026, Article 319 of the Criminal Code (*Law No. 66-16*) (1966), as amended by *Law No. 2026-08* (2026), punishes “acts against nature” with prison sentences of between 5 and 10 years and a hefty fine. According to the same provision, acts against...", "sources": [ { "id": "529670", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "SN - LEG - Penal Code (1965 amended 1999) - OR(fr).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "French" }, { "id": "529671", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "SN - LEG - Bill amending article 319, paragraph 3, of the Penal Code (2021) - OR(fr).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "French" } ] }, { "id": "215", "slug": "serbia", "displayName": "Serbia", "country": "Serbia", "countryCode": "RS", "jurisdictionId": "UN-153", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1994, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "11", "27", "38", "46", "50", "57" ], "summary": "The Penal Code (1959) of Yugoslavia criminalised sex between men. During the first half of the 1970s the power over criminal legislation was devolved from the Federal Republic to the eight states and provinces. Within Serbia, the Autonomous Province of...", "sources": [ { "id": "529672", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "RS - LEG - Penal Code (2005) - OR(sr).pdf", "translatedFilename": "RS - LEG - Criminal Code (2005) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": "Serbian" } ] }, { "id": "216", "slug": "seychelles", "displayName": "Seychelles", "country": "Seychelles", "countryCode": "SC", "jurisdictionId": "UN-154", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2016, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 3, "regionIds": [ "1", "6", "24", "31", "32", "37", "41", "57" ], "summary": "The passage of the *Penal Code (Amendment) Act* (2016) amended the country’s *Penal Code* (1955) and repealed Sections 151(a) and (c), thus removing from the current version of the *Penal Code* (2020) the provision that criminalised “carnal knowledge of any...", "sources": [ { "id": "529673", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "SC - LEG - Bill 5 of 2016 Penal Code (Amendment) Bill, (2016) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529674", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "SC - LEG - Penal Code (1955) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529675", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "SC - LEG - Penal Code (1955, updated 2020) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "217", "slug": "sierra-leone", "displayName": "Sierra Leone", "country": "Sierra Leone", "countryCode": "SL", "jurisdictionId": "UN-155", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "5", "name": "10 years to life in prison", "color": "#F5934B" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "Life in prison", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 1861, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "25", "31", "32", "37", "39", "45", "57" ], "summary": "The British colonial *offences Against the Person Act* (1861) remains in force in Sierra Leone. Under Section 61 of this legislation, any man found guilty of “buggery” is liable to imprisonment of 10 years to life.", "sources": [ { "id": "529676", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "SL - LEG - Offenses Against the Person Act (1861) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "218", "slug": "singapore", "displayName": "Singapore", "country": "Singapore", "countryCode": "SG", "jurisdictionId": "UN-156", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2023, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 1938, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 6, "regionIds": [ "2", "22", "26", "34", "37", "57" ], "summary": "Consensual same-sex sexual acts were criminalised during the British occupation under Section 377 of the Straits Settlement Penal Code (Ordinance IV) (1871). This provision imposed a penalty of up to life imprisonment and a fine to whoever voluntarily had...", "sources": [ { "id": "529677", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "SE - LEG - Penal Code (Amendment) Act (2007) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529678", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "SG - JUD - HC - Ong Ming Johnson v AG (2020) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529679", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "SG - JUD - Tan Seng Kee v Attorney General Judgement (2022) - OR-OFF (en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529680", "order": 4, "section": null, "filename": "SG - LEG - Penal Code (Amendment) Bill No. 31 (2022) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529681", "order": 5, "section": null, "filename": "SG - LEG - Penal Code (Amendment No. 39) (2022) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529682", "order": 6, "section": null, "filename": "SG - EXE - Written Reply of the Ministry for Home Affiars on Section 377A (2024) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "219", "slug": "slovakia", "displayName": "Slovakia", "country": "Slovakia", "countryCode": "SK", "jurisdictionId": "UN-157", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1962, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "7", "11", "27", "38", "40", "43", "46", "57" ], "summary": "Consensual same-sex sexual acts were decriminalised in what is today Slovakia in 1962, under Czechoslovakia (a sovereign State composed of what is today Czechia and Slovakia, which existed until 1993). Article 241 of the Criminal Code of Czechoslovakia (1950)...", "sources": [ { "id": "529683", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "SK - LEG - Penal Code (1961) - OR(sk).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Slovak" } ] }, { "id": "220", "slug": "slovenia", "displayName": "Slovenia", "country": "Slovenia", "countryCode": "SI", "jurisdictionId": "UN-158", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1977, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "11", "27", "38", "40", "43", "46", "50", "57" ], "summary": "When Slovenia was still a part of Yugoslavia in 1976, works on the *Criminal Code* to remove provisions penalising consensual same-sex sexual acts commenced, and the resultant law came into force in 1977.", "sources": [ { "id": "529684", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "SI - LEG - Penal Code (1994) - OR(sl).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Slovene" } ] }, { "id": "221", "slug": "solomon-islands", "displayName": "Solomon Islands", "country": "Solomon Islands", "countryCode": "SB", "jurisdictionId": "UN-159", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "5", "name": "10 years to life in prison", "color": "#F5934B" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 14, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 1963, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "16", "19", "28", "37", "57" ], "summary": "Section 160 of the *Penal Code* (1996) punishes with imprisonment for fourteen years any person who is convicted for “unnatural offences”, consisting of “buggery” with another person or permitting a male person to commit \"buggery\" with oneself. Attempts to...", "sources": [ { "id": "529685", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "SB - LEG - Penal Code (1996) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "222", "slug": "somalia", "displayName": "Somalia", "country": "Somalia", "countryCode": "SO", "jurisdictionId": "UN-160", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "death-penalty", "penalty": { "id": "6", "name": "Death Penalty (possible)", "color": "#D6643A" }, "deathPenalty": "No legal certainty", "maxPrisonYears": 3, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 1964, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "1", "6", "24", "31", "32", "45", "57" ], "summary": "Article 409 of the *Penal Code* (1964) stipulates that whoever has intercourse with a person of the same sex is liable to be imprisoned for up to 3 years.\nHowever, the *Provisional Constitution of Somalia* (2012) affirmed the primacy of Sharia law and as such...", "sources": [ { "id": "529686", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "SO - LEG - Penal Code (1962) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "SO - LEG - Penal Code (1962) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": null }, { "id": "529687", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "SO - LEG - Provisional Constitution of Somalia (2012) - OR(so).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Somali" } ] }, { "id": "223", "slug": "south-africa", "displayName": "South Africa", "country": "South Africa", "countryCode": "ZA", "jurisdictionId": "UN-161", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1998, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 3, "regionIds": [ "1", "23", "24", "31", "32", "37", "47", "49", "52", "57" ], "summary": "In the case *National Coalition for Gay and Lesbian Equality and Another v. Minister of Justice and Others* (1998) the Constitutional Court of South Africa declared that the \"common-law offence of sodomy\" is invalid and inconsistent with the Constitution of...", "sources": [ { "id": "529688", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "ZA - JUD (CC) - National Coalition for Gay and Lesbian Equality and Another v Minister of Justice and Others (1998) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529689", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "ZA - LEG - Sexual Offences Act (1957) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529690", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "ZA - LEG - Criminal Procedure Act (1977) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "224", "slug": "south-korea", "displayName": "South Korea", "country": "South Korea", "countryCode": "KR", "jurisdictionId": "UN-162", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 4, "regionIds": [ "2", "52", "57" ], "summary": "The 1962 *Criminal Act* (updated 2009) of South Korea contains no provisions criminalising consensual same-sex sexual acts between adults. Article 305 (amended 1995) indicates 13 as the age of consent.\nHowever, Article 92(6) of the *Military Criminal Act*...", "sources": [ { "id": "529691", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "KR - LEG - Criminal Code (2009) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "KR - LEG - Criminal Code (2009) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": null }, { "id": "529692", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "KR - LEG - Military Criminal Act (1962) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "KR - LEG - Military Criminal Act (1962) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": null }, { "id": "529693", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "KR - LEG - SC - Supreme Court 2019 Degree 3047 (2022) - OR-OFF(ko).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Korean" }, { "id": "529694", "order": 4, "section": null, "filename": "KR - JUD - October No. 16 (2023) - OR-OFF(ko).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Korean" } ] }, { "id": "225", "slug": "south-sudan", "displayName": "South Sudan", "country": "South Sudan", "countryCode": "SS", "jurisdictionId": "UN-163", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "5", "name": "10 years to life in prison", "color": "#F5934B" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 10, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": 2009, "lastAmendedYear": 2009, "hasFine": true, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "1", "6", "32", "57" ], "summary": "Article 248 of the *Penal Code* (2008) prohibits “carnal intercourse against the order of nature” and prescribes a sentence of imprisonment of up to 10 years and/or a fine. The provision explains that \"penetration is sufficient to constitute the carnal...", "sources": [ { "id": "529695", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "SS - LEG - Penal Code (2008) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "226", "slug": "spain", "displayName": "Spain", "country": "Spain", "countryCode": "ES", "jurisdictionId": "UN-164", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1979, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 3, "regionIds": [ "11", "27", "38", "40", "43", "46", "50", "57" ], "summary": "Since at least the 13th century, there is evidence of legal provisions aimed at repressing consensual sexual acts between adults of the same sex. These rules, which often punished such acts with the death penalty, were reinforced on several occasions over the...", "sources": [ { "id": "529696", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "ES - LEG - Law 15 (1954) - OR-OFF (es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" }, { "id": "529697", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "ES - LEG - Law No. 16 (1970) - OR-OFF(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" }, { "id": "529698", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "ES - LEG - Law No. 77 (1978) - OR-OFF(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" } ] }, { "id": "227", "slug": "sri-lanka", "displayName": "Sri Lanka", "country": "Sri Lanka", "countryCode": "LK", "jurisdictionId": "UN-165", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "5", "name": "10 years to life in prison", "color": "#F5934B" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 10, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 1995, "hasFine": true, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 5, "regionIds": [ "2", "21", "26", "37", "57" ], "summary": "Article 365 (Cap.19) of the *Penal Code* (1885), as amended by the Penal Code (Amendment) Act (Act No. 22) (1995), punishes “unnatural offences” (defined as “carnal intercourse against the order of nature with any man, woman or animal”) with imprisonment for...", "sources": [ { "id": "529699", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "LK - LEG - Penal Code (1995) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529700", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "LK - LEG - Penal Code (Amendment) Bill (2023) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529701", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "LK - JUD - SC - SC SD No. 13 (2023) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529702", "order": 4, "section": null, "filename": "LK - LEG - Gender Equality Bill (2024) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529703", "order": 5, "section": null, "filename": "LK - JUD - SC - SC SD 54 and SC SD 55 (2024) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "228", "slug": "sudan", "displayName": "Sudan", "country": "Sudan", "countryCode": "SD", "jurisdictionId": "UN-166", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "5", "name": "10 years to life in prison", "color": "#F5934B" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "Life in prison", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2020, "hasFine": true, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "1", "6", "14", "24", "31", "32", "45", "57" ], "summary": "Under Section 148(1) of the Penal Code (*Act No. 8*) (1991), sodomy is defined as follows: \"Any man who inserts his penis or its equivalent into a woman's or a man's anus or permitted another man to insert his penis or its equivalent in his anus\".\nUntil 2020,...", "sources": [ { "id": "529704", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "SD - LEG - Penal Code (1991) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529705", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "SD - LEG - Law No. 12 (2020) - OR-OFF(ar).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Arabic" } ] }, { "id": "229", "slug": "suriname", "displayName": "Suriname", "country": "Suriname", "countryCode": "SR", "jurisdictionId": "UN-167", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1869, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "3", "10", "13", "18", "20", "30", "35", "44", "45", "48", "57" ], "summary": "When Suriname returned to Dutch control, after a period of British rule (1799-1816), the laws of the Kingdom of the Netherlands regained effect in the territory, given that local regulations were only issued “in cases that were not covered by laws of the...", "sources": [ { "id": "529706", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "SR - LEG - Criminal Code (1910) - OR(nl).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Dutch" } ] }, { "id": "230", "slug": "sweden", "displayName": "Sweden", "country": "Sweden", "countryCode": "SE", "jurisdictionId": "UN-168", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1944, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "11", "27", "38", "40", "46", "50", "57" ], "summary": "A law reform that was originally intended to be approved in 1936 was finally enacted in 1944, when Sweden removed Section 10 (Chapter 18) of its *Penal Code* (1864) which punished \"fornication against nature” with up to 2 years of hard labour. However,...", "sources": [ { "id": "529707", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "SE - LEG - Penal Code (1864) - OR-OFF(sv).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Swedish" } ] }, { "id": "231", "slug": "switzerland", "displayName": "Switzerland", "country": "Switzerland", "countryCode": "CH", "jurisdictionId": "UN-169", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1942, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "11", "27", "38", "41", "46", "50", "57" ], "summary": "Although various cantons had utilised the Napoleonic Code since 1798 in not penalising same-sex sexual relations, the entire country became free from criminalisation by way of the *Penal Code* (1937) that came into force in 1942.", "sources": [ { "id": "529708", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "CH - LEG - Penal Code (1937) - OR-OFF(fr).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "French" } ] }, { "id": "232", "slug": "syria", "displayName": "Syria", "country": "Syria", "countryCode": "SY", "jurisdictionId": "UN-170", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "4", "name": "Up to 8 years imprisonment", "color": "#EDB795" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 3, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 1949, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "2", "14", "17", "26", "45", "57" ], "summary": "Article 520 of the *Penal Code* (1949) criminalises “unnatural sexual intercourse” with a potential imprisonment of up to 3 years.\nAdditionally, Article 517 criminalises any “act against public decency\" carried out in a public or open area. Such acts are...", "sources": [ { "id": "529709", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "SY - LEG - Penal Code (1949) - OR(ar).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Arabic" } ] }, { "id": "233", "slug": "tajikistan", "displayName": "Tajikistan", "country": "Tajikistan", "countryCode": "TJ", "jurisdictionId": "UN-171", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1998, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "2", "5", "27", "36", "45", "46", "57" ], "summary": "Since 1998 there have been no restrictions on consensual same-sex sexual acts between adults in the *Criminal Code* (1998) of Tajikistan.\nEven if Tajikistan does not expressly criminalise consensual same-sex sexual acts, in 2018, the UN Human Rights Committee...", "sources": [ { "id": "529710", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "TJ - LEG - Criminal Code (1998) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "TJ - LEG - Criminal Code (1998) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": null } ] }, { "id": "234", "slug": "tanzania", "displayName": "Tanzania", "country": "Tanzania", "countryCode": "TZ", "jurisdictionId": "UN-172", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "5", "name": "10 years to life in prison", "color": "#F5934B" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "Life in prison", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2004, "hasFine": true, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 4, "regionIds": [ "1", "6", "24", "31", "32", "37", "47", "57" ], "summary": "\"Carnal knowledge against the order of nature” was punished under Section 154 of the *Penal Code of Tanzania* (formerly, Penal Code of Tanganyka) (1930) with imprisonment for up to 14 years. Attempts to commit such acts were punished with 7 years in prison...", "sources": [ { "id": "529711", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "TZ - LEG - Penal Code (1930, as published in 1981) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529712", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "TZ - LEG - Sexual Offences Special Provisions Act (1998) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529713", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "TZ - LEG - Penal Code (as amended 2022) - OR-OFF (en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529714", "order": 4, "section": null, "filename": "TZ - LEG - Zanzibar Penal Decree (Act No. 6) (2004) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "235", "slug": "thailand", "displayName": "Thailand", "country": "Thailand", "countryCode": "TH", "jurisdictionId": "UN-173", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1957, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "2", "22", "26", "34", "57" ], "summary": "The Thai *Penal Code* (1956) came into force in 1957, repealing previous criminalising provisions on consensual same-sex sexual acts between adults.", "sources": [ { "id": "529715", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "TH - LEG - Penal Code (1956) - OR-OFF(th).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Thai" } ] }, { "id": "236", "slug": "togo", "displayName": "Togo", "country": "Togo", "countryCode": "TG", "jurisdictionId": "UN-174", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "4", "name": "Up to 8 years imprisonment", "color": "#EDB795" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 3, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2015, "hasFine": true, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "1", "24", "25", "31", "32", "39", "41", "45", "47", "57" ], "summary": "Article 88 (under Section 2) of the *Penal Code* (1980) prescribed imprisonment of 1 to 3 years and a fine to anyone who commits an “indecent or unnatural act\" with a person of the same sex. In 2015, the *Penal Code Amendment Law* (2015) relocated this...", "sources": [ { "id": "529716", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "TG - LEG - Penal Code (1980) - OR-OFF(fr).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "French" }, { "id": "529717", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "TG - LEG - Penal Code Amendment (2015) - OR-OFF(fr).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "French" } ] }, { "id": "237", "slug": "tonga", "displayName": "Tonga", "country": "Tonga", "countryCode": "TO", "jurisdictionId": "UN-175", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "5", "name": "10 years to life in prison", "color": "#F5934B" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 10, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 1988, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "16", "19", "28", "37", "57" ], "summary": "Under Section 136 of the *Criminal Offences Act* (1988) sodomy is penalised with up to 10 years’ imprisonment while, until 2012, Section 139 made \"attempted sodomy\" also punishable with up to 10 years in prison. Section 140 establishes the burden of proof for...", "sources": [ { "id": "529718", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "TO - LEG - Criminal Offences Act (1988) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "238", "slug": "trinidad-and-tobago", "displayName": "Trinidad and Tobago", "country": "Trinidad and Tobago", "countryCode": "TT", "jurisdictionId": "UN-176", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "4", "name": "Up to 8 years imprisonment", "color": "#EDB795" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 5, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2025, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 3, "regionIds": [ "3", "8", "13", "18", "30", "35", "37", "44", "57" ], "summary": "Section 13 of the *Sexual Offences Act* (1986) defined ''buggery'' as \"sexual intercourse per anum by a male person with a male person or by a male person with a female\". If the act was committed by an adult on another adult, subsection 1(b) imposed the...", "sources": [ { "id": "529719", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "TT - LEG - Sexual Offences Act (1986) As amended 2000 - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529720", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "TT - LEG - Act No. 31 (2000) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529721", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "TT - JUD (HC) - Jason Jones v AG of Trinidad and Tobago (2018) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "239", "slug": "tunisia", "displayName": "Tunisia", "country": "Tunisia", "countryCode": "TN", "jurisdictionId": "UN-177", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "4", "name": "Up to 8 years imprisonment", "color": "#EDB795" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 3, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2010, "hasFine": true, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "1", "14", "31", "32", "41", "45", "47", "57" ], "summary": "The first Tunisian *Penal Code* (1913, in effect 2014) was drafted during the French protectorate, under the reign of Naceur Bey. Article 230 of the Code prohibits “sodomy” and prescribes a penalty of imprisonment of up to 3 years. Additionally, under Article...", "sources": [ { "id": "529722", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "TN - Penal Code (2010) - OR(fr).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "French" }, { "id": "529723", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "TN - LEG - Law on the repression of offenses against good morals (Law No. 2004-73) (2004) - OR(fr).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "French" } ] }, { "id": "240", "slug": "turkiye", "displayName": "Turkiye", "country": "Turkiye", "countryCode": "TR", "jurisdictionId": "UN-178", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1858, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 3, "regionIds": [ "11", "17", "27", "38", "43", "45", "46", "52", "57" ], "summary": "The Ottoman *Imperial Penal Code* (1858) made no mention of consensual same-sex sexual acts between adults in private, and neither does the current Turkish *Penal Code* (2004).\nNevertheless, in the last few decades, ILGA World has documented evidence of...", "sources": [ { "id": "529724", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "TR - LEG - Turkish Imperial Penal Code (1858) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "TR - LEG - Turkish Imperial Penal Code (1858) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": null }, { "id": "529725", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "TR - LEG - Criminal Code (2004) - OR-OFF(tr).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Turkish" }, { "id": "529726", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "TR - LEG - Bill No 2 3061 Huda Par (2025) - OR-OFF (tr).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Turkish" } ] }, { "id": "241", "slug": "turkmenistan", "displayName": "Turkmenistan", "country": "Turkmenistan", "countryCode": "TM", "jurisdictionId": "UN-179", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "4", "name": "Up to 8 years imprisonment", "color": "#EDB795" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 5, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2019, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "2", "5", "27", "45", "46", "57" ], "summary": "Article 135 of the *Criminal Code* (1997), as amended in 2019, punishes sodomy—defined as “sexual intercourse between men”—with imprisonment of up to 5 years. Before the 2019 amendment, the legally prescribed punishment was 2 years of imprisonment. In case of...", "sources": [ { "id": "529727", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "TM - LEG - Penal Code (2019) - OR(tk).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Turkmen" } ] }, { "id": "242", "slug": "tuvalu", "displayName": "Tuvalu", "country": "Tuvalu", "countryCode": "TV", "jurisdictionId": "UN-180", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "5", "name": "10 years to life in prison", "color": "#F5934B" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 14, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 1965, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "16", "19", "28", "37", "57" ], "summary": "Under Section 153, the *Penal Code* (2008) criminalises “unnatural offences”, defined as “buggery with another person or with an animal”. Allowing a male person to commit buggery with oneself is equally criminalised. The penalty established is of imprisonment...", "sources": [ { "id": "529728", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "TV - LEG - Penal Code (2008) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "243", "slug": "uganda", "displayName": "Uganda", "country": "Uganda", "countryCode": "UG", "jurisdictionId": "UN-181", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "death-penalty", "penalty": { "id": "7", "name": "Death Penalty", "color": "#A03E13" }, "deathPenalty": "Yes", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "Life in prison", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2023, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 7, "regionIds": [ "1", "6", "24", "31", "32", "37", "45", "47", "57" ], "summary": "Section 145 of the *Penal Code* (1950), as amended in 2000, prescribes life imprisonment for anyone who “has carnal knowledge of any person against the order of nature”. It has remained on the books in all subsequent versions of the *Penal Code* (2020).\nThe...", "sources": [ { "id": "529729", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "UG - LEG - Criminal Code (1950) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529730", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "UG - LEG - Penal Code (2020) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529731", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "UG - LEG - Anti-Homosexuality Act (2014) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529732", "order": 4, "section": null, "filename": "UG - CON - Constitutional Petition No. 36 of 2018 (2022) - OR.OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529733", "order": 5, "section": null, "filename": "UG - LEG - Signed AHB 23 (2023) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529734", "order": 6, "section": null, "filename": "UG - JUD - CC - Draft Petition No. 15 AHB23 (2023) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529735", "order": 7, "section": null, "filename": "UG - JUD - CC - Consolidated Petitions No. 14-15-16-85 (2024) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "244", "slug": "ukraine", "displayName": "Ukraine", "country": "Ukraine", "countryCode": "UA", "jurisdictionId": "UN-182", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1991, "illegalSince": 1934, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "7", "11", "27", "38", "46", "50", "57" ], "summary": "Sodomy was decriminalised at the end of 1991 when Article 122 of the Criminal Code of the Ukrainian SSR (1960) (aligned with Article 121 of the Russian Soviet Code), which punished \"anal intercourse between men\" with up to 5 years' imprisonment, was amended...", "sources": [ { "id": "529736", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "UA - LEG - Criminal Code (2000) - OR-OFF(uk).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Ukrainian" } ] }, { "id": "245", "slug": "united-arab-emirates", "displayName": "United Arab Emirates", "country": "United Arab Emirates", "countryCode": "AE", "jurisdictionId": "UN-183", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "death-penalty", "penalty": { "id": "6", "name": "Death Penalty (possible)", "color": "#D6643A" }, "deathPenalty": "No legal certainty", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "Unknown", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2016, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "2", "14", "17", "26", "45", "57" ], "summary": "The United Arab Emirates maintains a complex and interconnected set of legal frameworks. Each of the seven emirates has the right to either follow the federal judicial system or to maintain its own local judicial system. Whereas the emirates of Ajman,...", "sources": [ { "id": "529737", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "AE - LEG - Federal Penal Code (1987) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "AE - LEG - Federal Penal Code (1987) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": null }, { "id": "529738", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "AE - LEG - Federal Decree Law No. 7 (2016) - OR(ar).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Arabic" } ] }, { "id": "246", "slug": "united-arab-emirates-abu-dhabi", "displayName": "Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates", "country": "United Arab Emirates", "countryCode": "AE", "jurisdictionId": "UN-183", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "AE-AZ", "name": "Abu Dhabi", "slug": "abu-dhabi", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "legal": false, "status": "death-penalty", "penalty": { "id": "6", "name": "Death Penalty (possible)", "color": "#D6643A" }, "deathPenalty": "No legal certainty", "maxPrisonYears": 14, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 1970, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "2", "14", "17", "26", "45", "57" ], "summary": "Article 80 of the *Abu Dhabi Penal Code* (1970) punishes “consensual sodomy” with a penalty of up to 14 years’ imprisonment.\nThis Penal Code is subordinate to the *Federal Penal Code* (1987) which could in theory stipulate the death penalty for same-sex acts,...", "sources": [ { "id": "529739", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "AE - LEG - Abu Dhabi Penal Code (1970) - OR(ar).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Arabic" }, { "id": "529740", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "AE - LEG - Federal Penal Code (1987) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "AE - LEG - Federal Penal Code (1987) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": null } ] }, { "id": "247", "slug": "united-arab-emirates-dubai", "displayName": "Dubai, United Arab Emirates", "country": "United Arab Emirates", "countryCode": "AE", "jurisdictionId": "UN-183", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "AE-DU", "name": "Dubai", "slug": "dubai", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "legal": false, "status": "death-penalty", "penalty": { "id": "6", "name": "Death Penalty (possible)", "color": "#D6643A" }, "deathPenalty": "No legal certainty", "maxPrisonYears": 10, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 1994, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "2", "14", "17", "26", "45", "57" ], "summary": "Article 177 of the *Dubai Penal Code* (1970), as amended in 1994, punishes “unnatural crimes (sodomy)”—defined as “sexual intercourse with another person in contravention of the laws of nature”—with a penalty of up to 10 years’ imprisonment. Article 183...", "sources": [ { "id": "529741", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "AE - LEG - Dubai Penal Code (1970) - OR(ar).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Arabic" }, { "id": "529742", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "AE - LEG - Federal Penal Code (1987) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "AE - LEG - Federal Penal Code (1987) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": null } ] }, { "id": "248", "slug": "united-arab-emirates-ash-shariqah-sharjah", "displayName": "Ash Shariqah [Sharjah], United Arab Emirates", "country": "United Arab Emirates", "countryCode": "AE", "jurisdictionId": "UN-183", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "AE-SH", "name": "Ash Shariqah [Sharjah]", "slug": "ash-shariqah-sharjah", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "legal": false, "status": "death-penalty", "penalty": { "id": "6", "name": "Death Penalty (possible)", "color": "#D6643A" }, "deathPenalty": "No legal certainty", "maxPrisonYears": 10, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 1970, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "2", "14", "17", "26", "45", "57" ], "summary": "Article 176 of the *Sharjah Penal Code* (1970) punishes “unnatural crimes (sodomy)”—defined as “sexual intercourse with another person in contravention of the laws of nature” or “allowing a male to have intercourse with them in contravention of the laws of...", "sources": [ { "id": "529743", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "AE - LEG - Sharjah Penal Code (1970) - OR(ar).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Arabic" }, { "id": "529744", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "AE - LEG - Federal Penal Code (1987) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "AE - LEG - Federal Penal Code (1987) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": null } ] }, { "id": "249", "slug": "united-arab-emirates-ajman", "displayName": "Ajman, United Arab Emirates", "country": "United Arab Emirates", "countryCode": "AE", "jurisdictionId": "UN-183", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "AE-AJ", "name": "Ajman", "slug": "ajman", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "legal": false, "status": "death-penalty", "penalty": { "id": "6", "name": "Death Penalty (possible)", "color": "#D6643A" }, "deathPenalty": "No legal certainty", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "Unknown", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2016, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "2", "14", "17", "26", "45", "57" ], "summary": "Ajman adheres to the *Federal Penal Code* (1987). Article 354 of the Federal Penal Code prescribes the death penalty for “whoever used coercion in having sexual intercourse with a female or sodomy with a male\". Whether this includes consensual same-sex sodomy...", "sources": [ { "id": "529745", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "AE - LEG - Federal Penal Code (1987) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "AE - LEG - Federal Penal Code (1987) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": null } ] }, { "id": "250", "slug": "united-arab-emirates-al-fujayrah", "displayName": "Al Fujayrah, United Arab Emirates", "country": "United Arab Emirates", "countryCode": "AE", "jurisdictionId": "UN-183", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "AE-FU", "name": "Al Fujayrah", "slug": "al-fujayrah", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "legal": false, "status": "death-penalty", "penalty": { "id": "6", "name": "Death Penalty (possible)", "color": "#D6643A" }, "deathPenalty": "No legal certainty", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "Unknown", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2016, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "2", "14", "17", "26", "45", "57" ], "summary": "Fujayrah adheres to the *Federal Penal Code* (1987). Article 354 of the Federal Penal Code prescribes the death penalty for “whoever used coercion in having sexual intercourse with a female or sodomy with a male\". Whether this includes consensual same-sex...", "sources": [ { "id": "529746", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "AE - LEG - Federal Penal Code (1987) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "AE - LEG - Federal Penal Code (1987) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": null } ] }, { "id": "251", "slug": "united-arab-emirates-raaos-al-khaymah", "displayName": "Ra‚Äôs al Khaymah, United Arab Emirates", "country": "United Arab Emirates", "countryCode": "AE", "jurisdictionId": "UN-183", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "AE-RK", "name": "Ra‚Äôs al Khaymah", "slug": "raaos-al-khaymah", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "legal": false, "status": "death-penalty", "penalty": { "id": "6", "name": "Death Penalty (possible)", "color": "#D6643A" }, "deathPenalty": "No legal certainty", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "Unknown", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2016, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "2", "14", "17", "26", "45", "57" ], "summary": "Ras Al Khaimah adheres to the *Federal Penal Code* (1987). Article 354 of the Federal Penal Code prescribes the death penalty for “whoever used coercion in having sexual intercourse with a female or sodomy with a male\". Whether this includes consensual...", "sources": [ { "id": "529747", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "AE - LEG - Federal Penal Code (1987) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "AE - LEG - Federal Penal Code (1987) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": null } ] }, { "id": "252", "slug": "united-arab-emirates-umm-al-qaywayn", "displayName": "Umm al Qaywayn, United Arab Emirates", "country": "United Arab Emirates", "countryCode": "AE", "jurisdictionId": "UN-183", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "AE-UQ", "name": "Umm al Qaywayn", "slug": "umm-al-qaywayn", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "legal": false, "status": "death-penalty", "penalty": { "id": "6", "name": "Death Penalty (possible)", "color": "#D6643A" }, "deathPenalty": "No legal certainty", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "Unknown", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2016, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "2", "14", "17", "26", "45", "57" ], "summary": "Umm Al Quwain adheres to the *Federal Penal Code* (1987). Article 354 of the Federal Penal Code prescribes the death penalty for “whoever used coercion in having sexual intercourse with a female or sodomy with a male\". Whether this includes consensual...", "sources": [ { "id": "529748", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "AE - LEG - Federal Penal Code (1987) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "AE - LEG - Federal Penal Code (1987) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": null } ] }, { "id": "253", "slug": "united-kingdom", "displayName": "United Kingdom", "country": "United Kingdom", "countryCode": "GB", "jurisdictionId": "UN-184", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1967, "illegalSince": 1533, "lastAmendedYear": 2001, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 7, "regionIds": [ "11", "27", "37", "38", "43", "46", "50", "51", "52", "53", "57" ], "summary": "The constituent countries of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland all punished same-sex sexual acts to some degree prior to their incorporation into the United Kingdom, with the first codified legislation being the English \"Buggery Act\" (1533), which...", "sources": [ { "id": "529749", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "GB - LEG - Offences Against the Person Act (1861) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529750", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "GB - LEG - Criminal Law Amendment Act (1885) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529751", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "GB - LEG - Sexual Offences Act (1967) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529752", "order": 4, "section": null, "filename": "UK - LEG - Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act (1980) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529753", "order": 5, "section": null, "filename": "GB - LEG - The Homosexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order (1982) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529754", "order": 6, "section": null, "filename": "UK - LEG - Sexual Offences (Amendment) Act (2000) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529755", "order": 7, "section": null, "filename": "UK - LEG - Sexual Offences Act (2003) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "254", "slug": "united-kingdom-england-and-wales", "displayName": "England and Wales, United Kingdom", "country": "United Kingdom", "countryCode": "GB", "jurisdictionId": "UN-184", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "GB-ENW", "name": "England and Wales", "slug": "england-and-wales", "latitude": 52.48706249255518, "longitude": -1.898516394941735 }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1967, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 6, "regionIds": [ "11", "27", "37", "38", "43", "46", "50", "51", "52", "53", "57" ], "summary": "The \"Buggery Act\" (1533) first codified the death penalty for same-sex acts in England, though punishments for such acts did exist prior to this. In 1861, the death penalty was abolished across the United Kingdom, but the offence of buggery was codified under...", "sources": [ { "id": "529756", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "GB - LEG - Offences Against the Person Act (1861) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529757", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "GB - LEG - Criminal Law Amendment Act (1885) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529758", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "GB - LEG - Sexual Offences Act (1967) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529759", "order": 4, "section": null, "filename": "UK - LEG - Sexual Offences (Amendment) Act (2000) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529760", "order": 5, "section": null, "filename": "UK - LEG - Sexual Offences Act (2003) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529761", "order": 6, "section": null, "filename": "UK - LEG - Policing and Crime Act (2017) - OR-OFF (en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "255", "slug": "united-kingdom-scotland", "displayName": "Scotland, United Kingdom", "country": "United Kingdom", "countryCode": "GB", "jurisdictionId": "UN-184", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "GB-SCT", "name": "Scotland", "slug": "scotland", "latitude": 56.66588102315955, "longitude": -4.175789419816239 }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1981, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 7, "regionIds": [ "11", "27", "37", "38", "43", "46", "50", "51", "52", "53", "57" ], "summary": "Prior to its incorporation into the United Kingdom in 1707, Scotland punished consensual same-sex sexual acts as common-law crimes. Later, Section 61 of the *Offences against the Person Act* (1861) and Section 11 of the *Criminal Law Amendment Act* (1885)...", "sources": [ { "id": "529762", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "GB - LEG - Offences Against the Person Act (1861) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529763", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "GB - LEG - Criminal Law Amendment Act (1885) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529764", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "UK - LEG - Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act (1980) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529765", "order": 4, "section": null, "filename": "UK - LEG - Sexual Offences (Amendment) Act (2000) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529766", "order": 5, "section": null, "filename": "UK - LEG - Sexual Offences Act (2003) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529767", "order": 6, "section": null, "filename": "UK - LEG - Criminal Procedure (Consequential Provisions) (Scotland) Act (1995) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529768", "order": 7, "section": null, "filename": "UK - LEG - Historical Sexual Offenses (Pardons and Disregards) (Scotland) Act (2018) - OR-OFF (en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "256", "slug": "united-kingdom-northern-ireland", "displayName": "Northern Ireland, United Kingdom", "country": "United Kingdom", "countryCode": "GB", "jurisdictionId": "UN-184", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "GB-NIR", "name": "Northern Ireland", "slug": "northern-ireland", "latitude": 54.68082636651555, "longitude": -6.699271910271201 }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1982, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 7, "regionIds": [ "11", "27", "37", "38", "43", "46", "50", "51", "52", "53", "57" ], "summary": "Northern Ireland (as part of the entire island of Ireland) was formally incorporated into the United Kingdom in 1801 and thus Section 61 of the *Offences Against the Person Act* (1861) and Section 11 of the *Criminal Law Amendment Act* (1885) were applied...", "sources": [ { "id": "529769", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "GB - LEG - Offences Against the Person Act (1861) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529770", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "GB - LEG - Criminal Law Amendment Act (1885) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529771", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "GB - LEG - The Homosexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order (1982) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529772", "order": 4, "section": null, "filename": "GB - LEG - Sexual Offences Act (1967) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529773", "order": 5, "section": null, "filename": "COE-GB - JUD - Dudgeon v UK (1981) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529774", "order": 6, "section": null, "filename": "UK - LEG - Sexual Offences (Amendment) Act (2000) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529775", "order": 7, "section": null, "filename": "UK - LEG - Sexual Offences Act (2003) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "257", "slug": "united-states-of-america", "displayName": "United States of America", "country": "United States of America", "countryCode": "US", "jurisdictionId": "UN-185", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1962, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "15", "18", "30", "43", "44", "46", "50", "51", "52", "56", "57" ], "summary": "Under the USA federal system, every state enacts its own criminal code. Consensual same-sex sexual acts were criminalised throughout the USA until 1962, when Illinois became the first state to decriminalise consensual same-sex sexual acts between adults in...", "sources": [ { "id": "529776", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "US - JUD (SC) - Lawrence v. Texas (2003) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "258", "slug": "united-states-of-america-alabama", "displayName": "Alabama, United States of America", "country": "United States of America", "countryCode": "US", "jurisdictionId": "UN-185", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "US-AL", "name": "Alabama", "slug": "alabama", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2003, "illegalSince": 1830, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 4, "regionIds": [ "15", "18", "30", "43", "44", "46", "50", "51", "52", "56", "57" ], "summary": "\"Deviate sexual intercourse\" was a misdemeanour under Alabama Statute 13A-6-65(a)(3). This provision established that \"a person commits the crime of sexual misconduct\" if he or she engaged in consensual \"deviate sexual intercourse\". This provision became...", "sources": [ { "id": "529777", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "US - JUD (SC) - Lawrence v. Texas (2003) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529778", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "US - LEG - Alabama Senate Bill 320 (2019) - OR-OFF (en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529779", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "US - LEG - Act No. 2019-465 (2019) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529780", "order": 4, "section": null, "filename": "US - LEG - Code of Alabama (1975) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "259", "slug": "united-states-of-america-alaska", "displayName": "Alaska, United States of America", "country": "United States of America", "countryCode": "US", "jurisdictionId": "UN-185", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "US-AK", "name": "Alaska", "slug": "alaska", "latitude": 24.402637224756354, "longitude": -115.55069124842692 }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1980, "illegalSince": 1867, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 0, "regionIds": [ "15", "18", "30", "43", "44", "46", "50", "51", "52", "56", "57" ], "summary": "In 1971 oral sex between persons of the same sex was decriminalised in Alaska, but it was not until 1980, when anal intercourse was decriminalised, that consensual same-sex sexual activity was fully legalised.", "sources": [] }, { "id": "260", "slug": "united-states-of-america-arizona", "displayName": "Arizona, United States of America", "country": "United States of America", "countryCode": "US", "jurisdictionId": "UN-185", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "US-AZ", "name": "Arizona", "slug": "arizona", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2001, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 0, "regionIds": [ "15", "18", "30", "43", "44", "46", "50", "51", "52", "56", "57" ], "summary": "Under Arizona Statute 13-1411, \"crimes against nature\" were criminalised as follows: \"A person who knowingly and without force commits the infamous crime against nature with an adult is guilty of a class 3 misdemeanour\" (liable to 30 days in jail and a fine...", "sources": [] }, { "id": "261", "slug": "united-states-of-america-arkansas", "displayName": "Arkansas, United States of America", "country": "United States of America", "countryCode": "US", "jurisdictionId": "UN-185", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "US-AR", "name": "Arkansas", "slug": "arkansas", "latitude": 35.06887087202362, "longitude": -92.69153859635088 }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2002, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 3, "regionIds": [ "15", "18", "30", "43", "44", "46", "50", "51", "52", "56", "57" ], "summary": "In 1975 Arkansas repealed its anti-sodomy legislation, but two years later the Arkansas Code was amended to specifically prohibit anal intercourse between persons of the same sex.\nIn 2002 same-sex acts were finally decriminalised when the Supreme Court of...", "sources": [ { "id": "529781", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "US - JUD - Arkansas JEGLEY v. PICADO (2002) - OR (en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529782", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "US - LEG - Arkansas SB 984 (2005) - OR-OFF (en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529783", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "US - JUD (SC) - Lawrence v. Texas (2003) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "262", "slug": "united-states-of-america-california", "displayName": "California, United States of America", "country": "United States of America", "countryCode": "US", "jurisdictionId": "UN-185", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "US-CA", "name": "California", "slug": "california", "latitude": 36.81323715511, "longitude": -119.55483863320929 }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1976, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "15", "18", "30", "43", "44", "46", "50", "51", "52", "56", "57" ], "summary": "In 1976 *Assembly Bill 489* (1975), also called the \"Consenting Adult Sex Bill\", came into force. It repealed existing legislation in California which criminalised consensual \"sodomy and oral copulation\" as well as \"adulterous cohabitation\".", "sources": [ { "id": "529784", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "US - LEG - California AB 489 Consensual Adult Sex Bill (1975) - OR-OFF (en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "263", "slug": "united-states-of-america-colorado", "displayName": "Colorado, United States of America", "country": "United States of America", "countryCode": "US", "jurisdictionId": "UN-185", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "US-CO", "name": "Colorado", "slug": "colorado", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1972, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 0, "regionIds": [ "15", "18", "30", "43", "44", "46", "50", "51", "52", "56", "57" ], "summary": "Laws against \"sodomy\" were repealed in Colorado with the passage of \"SB 262\" (1971), which came into effect in 1972.", "sources": [] }, { "id": "264", "slug": "united-states-of-america-connecticut", "displayName": "Connecticut, United States of America", "country": "United States of America", "countryCode": "US", "jurisdictionId": "UN-185", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "US-CT", "name": "Connecticut", "slug": "connecticut", "latitude": 41.52427158216935, "longitude": -72.61092938260396 }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1971, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 0, "regionIds": [ "15", "18", "30", "43", "44", "46", "50", "51", "52", "56", "57" ], "summary": "Connecticut became the second state in the US to repeal legislation against sodomy, when an extensive set of amendments to the Penal Code came into force in 1971. Notably, according to organisations such as GLAPN, a Legislative Committee had recommended...", "sources": [] }, { "id": "265", "slug": "united-states-of-america-delaware", "displayName": "Delaware, United States of America", "country": "United States of America", "countryCode": "US", "jurisdictionId": "UN-185", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "US-DE", "name": "Delaware", "slug": "delaware", "latitude": 38.87323485797686, "longitude": -75.27578065141755 }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1973, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "15", "18", "30", "43", "44", "46", "50", "51", "52", "56", "57" ], "summary": "A wide-ranging set of revisions to Title 11 of the *Delaware Code* in 1972 included an amendment to the definition of the crime of sodomy so as to exclude consensual acts. The legislative amendments came into force in 1973.\nPrior to 1964 persons found guilty...", "sources": [ { "id": "529785", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "US - LEG - Delaware Code Title 11 (2022) - OR.OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "266", "slug": "united-states-of-america-district-of-columbia", "displayName": "District of Columbia, United States of America", "country": "United States of America", "countryCode": "US", "jurisdictionId": "UN-185", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "US-DC", "name": "District of Columbia", "slug": "district-of-columbia", "latitude": 38.60438142170625, "longitude": -77.48482290275172 }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1993, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 0, "regionIds": [ "15", "18", "30", "43", "44", "46", "50", "51", "52", "56", "57" ], "summary": "The legislature of the District of Columbia initially repealed provisions criminalising sodomy in 1981, but the United States Congress, which maintained oversight power, vetoed the move. A vote to decriminalise was finally successful in 1993.", "sources": [] }, { "id": "267", "slug": "united-states-of-america-florida", "displayName": "Florida, United States of America", "country": "United States of America", "countryCode": "US", "jurisdictionId": "UN-185", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "US-FL", "name": "Florida", "slug": "florida", "latitude": 28.363379785964284, "longitude": -81.68619943888999 }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2003, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 3, "regionIds": [ "15", "18", "30", "43", "44", "46", "50", "51", "52", "56", "57" ], "summary": "In 1971 the Florida Supreme Court *ruled* against provisions in the Florida Statutes criminalising \"the abominable and detestable crime against nature,\" finding the law to be \"unconstitutional for vagueness and uncertainty in its language\". However, *Chapter...", "sources": [ { "id": "529786", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "US - JUD - Florida Franklin v. State opinion (1971) - OR (en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529787", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "US - LEG - Florida Statutes (2021) - OR (en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529788", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "US - JUD (SC) - Lawrence v. Texas (2003) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "268", "slug": "united-states-of-america-georgia", "displayName": "Georgia, United States of America", "country": "United States of America", "countryCode": "US", "jurisdictionId": "UN-185", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "US-GA", "name": "Georgia", "slug": "georgia", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1998, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "15", "18", "30", "43", "44", "46", "50", "51", "52", "56", "57" ], "summary": "Consensual same-sex sexual acts became legal in Georgia after the state's Supreme Court ruled in *Powell v. Georgia* (1998) that the law violated the right to privacy enshrined in the state's constitution. Anti-sodomy provisions remain on the books, despite...", "sources": [ { "id": "529789", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "US - JUD - Powell v Georgia (1998) - OR (en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "269", "slug": "united-states-of-america-hawaii", "displayName": "Hawaii, United States of America", "country": "United States of America", "countryCode": "US", "jurisdictionId": "UN-185", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "US-HI", "name": "Hawaii", "slug": "hawaii", "latitude": 23.19767484179982, "longitude": -103.636626941716 }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1973, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "15", "18", "30", "43", "44", "46", "50", "51", "52", "56", "57" ], "summary": "The legislature of Hawaii repealed legislation referring to \"crimes against nature\" as part of a wide-ranging set of amendments to the state's criminal code in 1972, which came into effect the following year.\nThe Hawaii Supreme Court ruled in *State v....", "sources": [ { "id": "529790", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "US - LEG - Hawaii State v Mueller (1983) - OR (en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529791", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "US - JUD (SC) - Lawrence v. Texas (2003) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "270", "slug": "united-states-of-america-idaho", "displayName": "Idaho, United States of America", "country": "United States of America", "countryCode": "US", "jurisdictionId": "UN-185", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "US-ID", "name": "Idaho", "slug": "idaho", "latitude": 43.646042475280666, "longitude": -114.52357033285344 }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2003, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "15", "18", "30", "43", "44", "46", "50", "51", "52", "56", "57" ], "summary": "Provisions against sodomy in the Idaho Code were repealed on 1 January 1972, but were reinstated just three months later, on 1 April, following backlash from local religious groups. Under the Idaho law, the maximum penalty for sodomy was life imprisonment....", "sources": [ { "id": "529792", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "US - JUD (SC) - Lawrence v. Texas (2003) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529793", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "US - LEG - Idaho SB 1325 (2022) - OR-OFF (en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "271", "slug": "united-states-of-america-illinois", "displayName": "Illinois, United States of America", "country": "United States of America", "countryCode": "US", "jurisdictionId": "UN-185", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "US-IL", "name": "Illinois", "slug": "illinois", "latitude": 40.26372041804778, "longitude": -89.25995863675486 }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1962, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 0, "regionIds": [ "15", "18", "30", "43", "44", "46", "50", "51", "52", "56", "57" ], "summary": "Illinois became the first US state in the modern era to repeal prohibitions on same-sex sexual acts in 1962, as a result of an extensive reformation of the criminal code the previous year.\nThe \"lewd fondling or caress\" of the body of another person of the...", "sources": [] }, { "id": "272", "slug": "united-states-of-america-indiana", "displayName": "Indiana, United States of America", "country": "United States of America", "countryCode": "US", "jurisdictionId": "UN-185", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "US-IN", "name": "Indiana", "slug": "indiana", "latitude": 40.12881384218883, "longitude": -86.23650812108417 }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1976, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 0, "regionIds": [ "15", "18", "30", "43", "44", "46", "50", "51", "52", "56", "57" ], "summary": "Consensual \"sodomy\" became legal in Indiana when the local legislature adopted a wide-ranging set of revisions to the criminal code in 1976 which came into effect in 1977. Reportedly, an attempt to recriminalise same-sex sexual acts failed to pass a vote that...", "sources": [] }, { "id": "273", "slug": "united-states-of-america-iowa", "displayName": "Iowa, United States of America", "country": "United States of America", "countryCode": "US", "jurisdictionId": "UN-185", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "US-IA", "name": "Iowa", "slug": "iowa", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1978, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "15", "18", "30", "43", "44", "46", "50", "51", "52", "56", "57" ], "summary": "In 1976 the Iowa Supreme Court ruled in *State v. Pilcher* (1976) that unmarried heterosexual couples could not be prosecuted for sodomy, but made no mention of same-sex couples. The same year, however, a revised version of the state's criminal code was...", "sources": [ { "id": "529794", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "US - JUD - State v. Pilcher (1976) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "274", "slug": "united-states-of-america-kansas", "displayName": "Kansas, United States of America", "country": "United States of America", "countryCode": "US", "jurisdictionId": "UN-185", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "US-KS", "name": "Kansas", "slug": "kansas", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2003, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "15", "18", "30", "43", "44", "46", "50", "51", "52", "56", "57" ], "summary": "Kansas legalised \"sodomy\" between heterosexual couples in 1969, but specifically left provisions intact to criminalise anal intercourse between persons of the same sex. This reportedly made Kansas one of the first states in the country to explicitly target...", "sources": [ { "id": "529795", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "US - JUD (SC) - Lawrence v. Texas (2003) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "275", "slug": "united-states-of-america-kentucky", "displayName": "Kentucky, United States of America", "country": "United States of America", "countryCode": "US", "jurisdictionId": "UN-185", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "US-KY", "name": "Kentucky", "slug": "kentucky", "latitude": 37.57422410170128, "longitude": -84.64829673468486 }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1992, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "15", "18", "30", "43", "44", "46", "50", "51", "52", "56", "57" ], "summary": "In 1974 \"sodomy\" was decriminalised for heterosexual couples. In 1992 the Kentucky Supreme Court ruled in *Commonwealth v. Wasson* (1992) that a prohibition on sodomy violated the state's constitutionally-guaranteed rights to privacy and equal treatment. To...", "sources": [ { "id": "529796", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "US - JUD - Kentucky v. Wasson (1992) - OR (en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529797", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "US - JUD (SC) - Lawrence v. Texas (2003) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "276", "slug": "united-states-of-america-louisiana", "displayName": "Louisiana, United States of America", "country": "United States of America", "countryCode": "US", "jurisdictionId": "UN-185", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "US-LA", "name": "Louisiana", "slug": "louisiana", "latitude": 30.962972995044748, "longitude": -92.49482980089849 }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2003, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "15", "18", "30", "43", "44", "46", "50", "51", "52", "56", "57" ], "summary": "Same-sex sexual activity was decriminalised when the Supreme Court verdict in *Lawrence v. Texas* (2003) invalidated all sodomy statutes in the country, though *RS 14:89* (2022) criminalising \"unnatural carnal copulation\" remains in the Louisiana Code. The...", "sources": [ { "id": "529798", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "US - JUD (SC) - Lawrence v. Texas (2003) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529799", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "US - LEG - Louisiana RS 14-89 (2022) - OR-OFF (en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "277", "slug": "united-states-of-america-maine", "displayName": "Maine, United States of America", "country": "United States of America", "countryCode": "US", "jurisdictionId": "UN-185", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "US-ME", "name": "Maine", "slug": "maine", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1976, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 0, "regionIds": [ "15", "18", "30", "43", "44", "46", "50", "51", "52", "56", "57" ], "summary": "Maine repealed its statutory criminalisation of same-sex sexual activity in 1976 by passing a comprehensive revision of the state's criminal code. Previously, the penalty for \"sodomy\" was set at a maximum of ten years in prison.", "sources": [] }, { "id": "278", "slug": "united-states-of-america-maryland", "displayName": "Maryland, United States of America", "country": "United States of America", "countryCode": "US", "jurisdictionId": "UN-185", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "US-MD", "name": "Maryland", "slug": "maryland", "latitude": 39.41107849594979, "longitude": -76.85647165046548 }, "legal": true, "status": "unclear", "penalty": { "id": "2", "name": "Criminalisation Varies", "color": "#D1D1D1" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1999, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2020, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 4, "regionIds": [ "15", "18", "30", "43", "44", "46", "50", "51", "52", "56", "57" ], "summary": "In 1990, the Maryland Court of Appeals ruled that the state could not punish adults for engaging in \"non-commercial\" sexual activity as long as it took place in private between consenting different-sex couples. In 1998 this protection was extended to all...", "sources": [ { "id": "529800", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "US-MD - LEG - HB 81 (2020) - OR-OFF (en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529801", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "US-MD - LEG - Courts and Judicial Proceedings (2021) - OR-OFF (en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529802", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "US-MD - LEG - SB 22 (2022) - OR-OFF (en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529803", "order": 4, "section": null, "filename": "USA-MA - LEG - HB131 (2023) - OR-OFF (en) .pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "279", "slug": "united-states-of-america-massachusetts", "displayName": "Massachusetts, United States of America", "country": "United States of America", "countryCode": "US", "jurisdictionId": "UN-185", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "US-MA", "name": "Massachusetts", "slug": "massachusetts", "latitude": 42.47139070822615, "longitude": -72.04422992327184 }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1974, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 5, "regionIds": [ "15", "18", "30", "43", "44", "46", "50", "51", "52", "56", "57" ], "summary": "Massachusetts has not yet repealed its sodomy law. *Section 34* (1641) and *Section 35* (1641) of Chapter 272 of the Massachusetts General Laws prohibit \"detestable crimes against nature\" and \"unnatural and lascivious acts with another person\" respectively....", "sources": [ { "id": "529804", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "US-MA - LEG - Section 34 of Massachusetts General Laws, Chapter 272 (1641) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529805", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "US-MA - LEG - Section 35 of Massachusetts General Laws, Chapter 272 (1641) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529806", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "US-MA - JUD - SUP - Commonwealth v Balthazar (1974) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529807", "order": 4, "section": null, "filename": "US-MA - JUD - SUP - GLAD v Attorney General (2002) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529808", "order": 5, "section": null, "filename": "US-MA - LEG - H.1758 - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "280", "slug": "united-states-of-america-michigan", "displayName": "Michigan, United States of America", "country": "United States of America", "countryCode": "US", "jurisdictionId": "UN-185", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "US-MI", "name": "Michigan", "slug": "michigan", "latitude": 43.28437140519694, "longitude": -84.76486546505726 }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2003, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "15", "18", "30", "43", "44", "46", "50", "51", "52", "56", "57" ], "summary": "Michigan has not repealed its laws criminalising consensual same-sex sexual acts. According to § 750.158 of the *Michigan Penal Code* (1931), \"crimes against nature or sodomy\" are punishable by imprisonment by up to 15 years. However, this law is considered...", "sources": [ { "id": "529809", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "US-MI - LEG - Michigan Penal Code (§ 750.158) (1931) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529810", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "US - JUD (SC) - Lawrence v. Texas (2003) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "281", "slug": "united-states-of-america-minnesota", "displayName": "Minnesota, United States of America", "country": "United States of America", "countryCode": "US", "jurisdictionId": "UN-185", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "US-MN", "name": "Minnesota", "slug": "minnesota", "latitude": 46.5065410414477, "longitude": -94.67780093516753 }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2001, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "15", "18", "30", "43", "44", "46", "50", "51", "52", "56", "57" ], "summary": "Minnesota's sodomy laws were ruled unconstitutional in *Doe et al. v. Ventura et al.* (2001). The state's district court struck down the law, declaring the sodomy statute \"to be unconstitutional, as applied to private, consensual, non-commercial acts of...", "sources": [ { "id": "529811", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "US-MN - JUD - DC - Doe et al. v Ventura et al. (2001) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529812", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "US-MN - LEG - SF 2732 (2022) - OR-OFF (en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "282", "slug": "united-states-of-america-mississippi", "displayName": "Mississippi, United States of America", "country": "United States of America", "countryCode": "US", "jurisdictionId": "UN-185", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "US-MS", "name": "Mississippi", "slug": "mississippi", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2003, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "15", "18", "30", "43", "44", "46", "50", "51", "52", "56", "57" ], "summary": "Mississippi has not repealed its sodomy statutes. According to § 97-29-59 of the *Mississippi Code Annotated* (1972), any person convicted of committing a \"crime against nature\" can be imprisoned for up to 10 years. However, this law is considered nullified...", "sources": [ { "id": "529813", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "US-MS - LEG - Mississippi Code Annotated (§ 97-29-59) (1972) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529814", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "US - JUD (SC) - Lawrence v. Texas (2003) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "283", "slug": "united-states-of-america-missouri", "displayName": "Missouri, United States of America", "country": "United States of America", "countryCode": "US", "jurisdictionId": "UN-185", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "US-MO", "name": "Missouri", "slug": "missouri", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1999, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 3, "regionIds": [ "15", "18", "30", "43", "44", "46", "50", "51", "52", "56", "57" ], "summary": "In 1986, the Missouri Supreme Court upheld the state's prohibition of \"deviate sexual intercourse with another person of the same sex\" in *State v. Walsh* (1986).\nBy the time the Supreme Court invalidated all sodomy statutes in the country in *Lawrence v....", "sources": [ { "id": "529815", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "US-MO - JUD - SUP - State v Walsh (1986) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529816", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "US - JUD (SC) - Lawrence v. Texas (2003) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529817", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "US-MO - LEG - HB1698 - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "284", "slug": "united-states-of-america-montana", "displayName": "Montana, United States of America", "country": "United States of America", "countryCode": "US", "jurisdictionId": "UN-185", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "US-MT", "name": "Montana", "slug": "montana", "latitude": 46.871630100039646, "longitude": -109.32259798392457 }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1997, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 3, "regionIds": [ "15", "18", "30", "43", "44", "46", "50", "51", "52", "56", "57" ], "summary": "§ 45-5-505 of the *Montana Code Annotated* (1973) criminalised \"deviate sexual conduct\", punishing those convicted under this provision with up to 10 years in prison, or a fine of up to $50,000, or both. In 1997, the Montana Supreme Court ruled in *Gryczan v....", "sources": [ { "id": "529818", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "US-MT - LEG - Montana Code Annotated (§ 45-5-505) (1973) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529819", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "US-MT - JUD - SC - Gryczan v. State (1997) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529820", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "US-MT - LEG - S.B. 107 (2013) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "285", "slug": "united-states-of-america-nebraska", "displayName": "Nebraska, United States of America", "country": "United States of America", "countryCode": "US", "jurisdictionId": "UN-185", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "US-NE", "name": "Nebraska", "slug": "nebraska", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1978, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "15", "18", "30", "43", "44", "46", "50", "51", "52", "56", "57" ], "summary": "All anti-sodomy laws in the state were repealed when a revised Criminal Code was enacted in 1977, though the then-Governor attempted to veto the adoption of the new Code before the legislature overrode his action.\nPrior to this, the Criminal Code punished...", "sources": [ { "id": "529821", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "US - JUD - Kinnan V Nebraska (1910) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "286", "slug": "united-states-of-america-nevada", "displayName": "Nevada, United States of America", "country": "United States of America", "countryCode": "US", "jurisdictionId": "UN-185", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "US-NV", "name": "Nevada", "slug": "nevada", "latitude": 39.50073419386173, "longitude": -116.91953020191929 }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1993, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "15", "18", "30", "43", "44", "46", "50", "51", "52", "56", "57" ], "summary": "§ 201.195 of the *Nevada Revised Statutes* (1963) criminalised \"the infamous crime against nature\", which included anal and oral sex between those of the same sex. The Nevada legislature repealed this provision with the passage and signing into law of *S.B....", "sources": [ { "id": "529822", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "US-NV - LEG - Nevada Revised Statutes (§ 201.195) (1963) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529823", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "US-NV - LEG - S.B. 466 (1993) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "287", "slug": "united-states-of-america-new-hampshire", "displayName": "New Hampshire, United States of America", "country": "United States of America", "countryCode": "US", "jurisdictionId": "UN-185", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "US-NH", "name": "New Hampshire", "slug": "new-hampshire", "latitude": 43.510392199360886, "longitude": -71.63365197142618 }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1975, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "15", "18", "30", "43", "44", "46", "50", "51", "52", "56", "57" ], "summary": "Legislation against sodomy was repealed in 1975. The revised criminal code decriminalised \"consensual sodomy\" between consenting adults of the same sex.\nInterestingly, the case of Blanchflower v. Blanchflower (2003) saw the New Hampshire Supreme Court rule...", "sources": [ { "id": "529824", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "US - JUD - New Hampshire Blaisdell v Blaisdell (2021) - OR.OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "288", "slug": "united-states-of-america-new-jersey", "displayName": "New Jersey, United States of America", "country": "United States of America", "countryCode": "US", "jurisdictionId": "UN-185", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "US-NJ", "name": "New Jersey", "slug": "new-jersey", "latitude": 40.0388938109221, "longitude": -74.46345515826519 }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1978, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "15", "18", "30", "43", "44", "46", "50", "51", "52", "56", "57" ], "summary": "The New Jersey legislature enacted a Criminal Code revision in 1978, passing the *New Jersey Acts of the Legislature* (1978) which into effect in 1979. This abrogated common-law crimes and repealed the state's anti-sodomy law.\nBetween the passing of the new...", "sources": [ { "id": "529825", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "US-NJ - LEG - New Jersey Acts of the Legislature (1978) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529826", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "US-NJ - JUD - COA - State v. Ciuffini (1978) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "289", "slug": "united-states-of-america-new-mexico", "displayName": "New Mexico, United States of America", "country": "United States of America", "countryCode": "US", "jurisdictionId": "UN-185", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "US-NM", "name": "New Mexico", "slug": "new-mexico", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1975, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 0, "regionIds": [ "15", "18", "30", "43", "44", "46", "50", "51", "52", "56", "57" ], "summary": "The New Mexico Legislature repealed the statute of sodomy in 1975 with an amendment to the state's sex assault laws.\nPreviously, several court cases had established certain precedents, such as that ejaculation was not necessary for the offence to be...", "sources": [] }, { "id": "290", "slug": "united-states-of-america-new-york", "displayName": "New York, United States of America", "country": "United States of America", "countryCode": "US", "jurisdictionId": "UN-185", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "US-NY", "name": "New York", "slug": "new-york", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1980, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "15", "18", "30", "43", "44", "46", "50", "51", "52", "56", "57" ], "summary": "Article 130.38 of the New York Penal Code, which punished consensual sodomy, was found to be unconstitutional in the court of appeals case of *People v. Onofre* (1980). The court ruled it to be in violation of the state's right to privacy and to equal...", "sources": [ { "id": "529827", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "US-NY - JUD - COA - People v. Onofre (1980) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529828", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "US-NY - LEG - A03017 (1999) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "291", "slug": "united-states-of-america-north-carolina", "displayName": "North Carolina, United States of America", "country": "United States of America", "countryCode": "US", "jurisdictionId": "UN-185", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "US-NC", "name": "North Carolina", "slug": "north-carolina", "latitude": 35.6053917606449, "longitude": -78.87455166392593 }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2003, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "15", "18", "30", "43", "44", "46", "50", "51", "52", "56", "57" ], "summary": "North Carolina has not yet repealed its anti-sodomy laws. *Section 14-177 of the North Carolina General Statutes* (1943) has historically been used to prosecute consensual same-sex sexual relations, as \"sodomy\" falls under the definition of a \"crime against...", "sources": [ { "id": "529829", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "US-NC - LEG - Section 14-177 of the North Carolina General Statutes (1943) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529830", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "US - JUD (SC) - Lawrence v. Texas (2003) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "292", "slug": "united-states-of-america-north-dakota", "displayName": "North Dakota, United States of America", "country": "United States of America", "countryCode": "US", "jurisdictionId": "UN-185", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "US-ND", "name": "North Dakota", "slug": "north-dakota", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1973, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 0, "regionIds": [ "15", "18", "30", "43", "44", "46", "50", "51", "52", "56", "57" ], "summary": "A comprehensive revision of North Dakota's Criminal Code in 1973 led to the state repealing its laws criminalising same-sex sexual relations.\nNotably, it seems that the original criminalising provisions, adopted in the 1860s, may only have targeted oral sex...", "sources": [] }, { "id": "293", "slug": "united-states-of-america-ohio", "displayName": "Ohio, United States of America", "country": "United States of America", "countryCode": "US", "jurisdictionId": "UN-185", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "US-OH", "name": "Ohio", "slug": "ohio", "latitude": 40.35367331371462, "longitude": -82.76568331389578 }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1974, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 0, "regionIds": [ "15", "18", "30", "43", "44", "46", "50", "51", "52", "56", "57" ], "summary": "According to the Gay and Lesbian Archives of the Pacific Northwest (GLAPN), Ohio removed its provisions against sodomy in 1804 shortly after receiving formal statehood, though it remained unclear whether \"common law\", which criminalised sodomy, was still...", "sources": [] }, { "id": "294", "slug": "united-states-of-america-oklahoma", "displayName": "Oklahoma, United States of America", "country": "United States of America", "countryCode": "US", "jurisdictionId": "UN-185", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "US-OK", "name": "Oklahoma", "slug": "oklahoma", "latitude": 35.56067332844896, "longitude": -97.1773414743908 }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2003, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 3, "regionIds": [ "15", "18", "30", "43", "44", "46", "50", "51", "52", "56", "57" ], "summary": "Oklahoma has not yet repealed its anti-sodomy laws. *Section 21-886 of the Oklahoma Statutes* (1936) criminalises \"crimes against nature\" which include heterosexual and homosexual sodomy. However, in *Post v. State* (1986), the Court of Appeals ruled that the...", "sources": [ { "id": "529831", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "US-OK - LEG - Section 21-886 of the Oklahoma Statutes (1936) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529832", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "US-OK - JUD - COA - Post v State (1986) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529833", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "US - JUD (SC) - Lawrence v. Texas (2003) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "295", "slug": "united-states-of-america-oregon", "displayName": "Oregon, United States of America", "country": "United States of America", "countryCode": "US", "jurisdictionId": "UN-185", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "US-OR", "name": "Oregon", "slug": "oregon", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1972, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 0, "regionIds": [ "15", "18", "30", "43", "44", "46", "50", "51", "52", "56", "57" ], "summary": "In 1971 the Oregon legislature passed a comprehensive Criminal Code revision that repealed the Code's criminalisation of consensual sodomy, among other things. This came into effect in 1972.", "sources": [] }, { "id": "296", "slug": "united-states-of-america-pennsylvania", "displayName": "Pennsylvania, United States of America", "country": "United States of America", "countryCode": "US", "jurisdictionId": "UN-185", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "US-PA", "name": "Pennsylvania", "slug": "pennsylvania", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1980, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "15", "18", "30", "43", "44", "46", "50", "51", "52", "56", "57" ], "summary": "In 1980, the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania held in *Com. v. Bonadio* (1980) that it was not justified to forbid acts classified as \"deviate\" which would include homosexuality. As a result, same-sex sexual acts were no longer criminalised. However, it would...", "sources": [ { "id": "529834", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "US-PA - JUD-SC - Com. v. Bonadio (1980) - OR (en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529835", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "US-PA - LEG - HB 2125 (2022) - OR-OFF (en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "297", "slug": "united-states-of-america-rhode-island", "displayName": "Rhode Island, United States of America", "country": "United States of America", "countryCode": "US", "jurisdictionId": "UN-185", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "US-RI", "name": "Rhode Island", "slug": "rhode-island", "latitude": 41.38909187231319, "longitude": -71.23314627886366 }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1998, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "15", "18", "30", "43", "44", "46", "50", "51", "52", "56", "57" ], "summary": "Rhode Island repealed its anti-sodomy laws in 1998 with the adoption of bill *H7585* (1998) into law. The law removed consensual \"sodomy\" from its definition of \"a detestable crime against nature\", thus making same-sex sexual acts between consenting adults...", "sources": [ { "id": "529836", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "US-RI - LEG - H7585 (1998) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "298", "slug": "united-states-of-america-south-carolina", "displayName": "South Carolina, United States of America", "country": "United States of America", "countryCode": "US", "jurisdictionId": "UN-185", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "US-SC", "name": "South Carolina", "slug": "south-carolina", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2003, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "15", "18", "30", "43", "44", "46", "50", "51", "52", "56", "57" ], "summary": "South Carolina has not yet repealed laws punishing \"sodomy\" from its statute books. Section 16-15-120 of the *South Carolina Code of Laws* (1976) makes sodomy a felony punishable by five years' imprisonment, a fine of $500, or both. However, this section,...", "sources": [ { "id": "529837", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "US-SC - LEG - South Carolina Code of Laws (1976) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529838", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "US - JUD (SC) - Lawrence v. Texas (2003) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "299", "slug": "united-states-of-america-south-dakota", "displayName": "South Dakota, United States of America", "country": "United States of America", "countryCode": "US", "jurisdictionId": "UN-185", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "US-SD", "name": "South Dakota", "slug": "south-dakota", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1977, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 0, "regionIds": [ "15", "18", "30", "43", "44", "46", "50", "51", "52", "56", "57" ], "summary": "In 1976, South Dakota amended its Criminal Code and repealed the provisions that punished consensual \"sodomy\".", "sources": [] }, { "id": "300", "slug": "united-states-of-america-tennessee", "displayName": "Tennessee, United States of America", "country": "United States of America", "countryCode": "US", "jurisdictionId": "UN-185", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "US-TN", "name": "Tennessee", "slug": "tennessee", "latitude": 35.82899580877779, "longitude": -86.69266830676227 }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1996, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "15", "18", "30", "43", "44", "46", "50", "51", "52", "56", "57" ], "summary": "Section 39-13-150 of the Tennessee Homosexual Practices Act, which punished consensual same-sex sexual acts, was declared unconstitutional in *Campbell v. Sundquist* (1996) by the Court of Appeals, which found that the law violated the right to privacy of...", "sources": [ { "id": "529839", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "US-TN - JUD - COA - Campbell v. Sundquist (1996) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "301", "slug": "united-states-of-america-texas", "displayName": "Texas, United States of America", "country": "United States of America", "countryCode": "US", "jurisdictionId": "UN-185", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "US-TX", "name": "Texas", "slug": "texas", "latitude": 31.8555327293726, "longitude": -99.13244577939471 }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2003, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 3, "regionIds": [ "15", "18", "30", "43", "44", "46", "50", "51", "52", "56", "57" ], "summary": "Texas has yet to repeal its law that criminalises consensual same-sex sexual acts. Section 21.06 of the *Texas Penal Code* (1973) classifies \"homosexual conduct\" as \"deviate sexual intercourse\", which is classified as a Class C demeanour, punishable by a fine...", "sources": [ { "id": "529840", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "US-TX - LEG - Texas Penal Code (1973) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529841", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "US - JUD (SC) - Lawrence v. Texas (2003) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529842", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "US-TX - LEG - HB 2055 - OR-OFF (En).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "302", "slug": "united-states-of-america-utah", "displayName": "Utah, United States of America", "country": "United States of America", "countryCode": "US", "jurisdictionId": "UN-185", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "US-UT", "name": "Utah", "slug": "utah", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2003, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 4, "regionIds": [ "15", "18", "30", "43", "44", "46", "50", "51", "52", "56", "57" ], "summary": "Utah's first sodomy law was enacted in 1851 in Section 23 of the *Criminal Laws of the State of Deseret* (1851), prohibiting \"any man or boy\" from having sexual intercourse \"with any of the male creation\". In 1876 the legislature enacted the *Compiled Laws of...", "sources": [ { "id": "529843", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "US-UT- LEG - Criminal Laws of the State of Deseret (1851) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529844", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "US-UT - LEG - Compiled Laws of Utah (1876) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529845", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "US - JUD (SC) - Lawrence v. Texas (2003) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529846", "order": 4, "section": null, "filename": "US-UT - LEG - H.B. 40 (2019) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "303", "slug": "united-states-of-america-vermont", "displayName": "Vermont, United States of America", "country": "United States of America", "countryCode": "US", "jurisdictionId": "UN-185", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "US-VT", "name": "Vermont", "slug": "vermont", "latitude": 44.41530565453038, "longitude": -72.5607576690198 }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2003, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "15", "18", "30", "43", "44", "46", "50", "51", "52", "56", "57" ], "summary": "The state of Vermont never adopted a law explicitly punishing \"sodomy\", leaving the definition and punishment of this felony to the courts and juries. This situation was clarified in *State v. LaForrest* (1899), in which the Vermont Supreme Court unanimously...", "sources": [ { "id": "529847", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "US-VT - JUD - SC - State v. LaForrest (1899) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529848", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "US - JUD (SC) - Lawrence v. Texas (2003) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "304", "slug": "united-states-of-america-virginia", "displayName": "Virginia, United States of America", "country": "United States of America", "countryCode": "US", "jurisdictionId": "UN-185", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "US-VA", "name": "Virginia", "slug": "virginia", "latitude": 37.48467456110726, "longitude": -78.27627424623559 }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2003, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 7, "regionIds": [ "15", "18", "30", "43", "44", "46", "50", "51", "52", "56", "57" ], "summary": "Section 18.2-361 of the *Virginia Code* (1975) classifies same-sex sodomy as a class 3 felony, punishable by up to 5 years in prison. Upon appeal, the US Supreme Court upheld this provision in its ruling on the case of *Doe v. Commonwealth's Attorney for the...", "sources": [ { "id": "529849", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "US-VA - LEG - Code of Virginia (§ 18.2-361) (1975) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529850", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "US-VA - JUD - SC - Doe v. CommonwealthтАЩs Attorney for the City of Richmond (1975) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529851", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "US - JUD (SC) - Lawrence v. Texas (2003) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529852", "order": 4, "section": null, "filename": "US-VA - LEG - S.B. 14 (2014) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529853", "order": 5, "section": null, "filename": "US-VA - JUD -SC - Martin v. Ziherl (2005) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529854", "order": 6, "section": null, "filename": "US-VA - LEG - H.B. 245 (2020) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529855", "order": 7, "section": null, "filename": "US-VA - LEG - S.B. 969 (2013) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "305", "slug": "united-states-of-america-washington", "displayName": "Washington, United States of America", "country": "United States of America", "countryCode": "US", "jurisdictionId": "UN-185", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "US-WA", "name": "Washington", "slug": "washington", "latitude": 47.37421404295245, "longitude": -119.96955302554552 }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1976, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "15", "18", "30", "43", "44", "46", "50", "51", "52", "56", "57" ], "summary": "*Chapter 9.79.190; RCW Dispositions* (1881) was the first codified act to criminalise sodomy in the state of Washington. This was repealed in June 1975, through a comprehensive Criminal Code revision that went into effect in 1976.", "sources": [ { "id": "529856", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "US-WA - LEG - Chapter 9.79.190 RCW Dispositions (1881) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "306", "slug": "united-states-of-america-west-virginia", "displayName": "West Virginia, United States of America", "country": "United States of America", "countryCode": "US", "jurisdictionId": "UN-185", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "US-WV", "name": "West Virginia", "slug": "west-virginia", "latitude": 38.5147777729531, "longitude": -80.71764384551439 }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1976, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "15", "18", "30", "43", "44", "46", "50", "51", "52", "56", "57" ], "summary": "In 1930, the state of West Virginia passed a sweeping revision of its criminal code, making \" crimes against nature\" -homosexual and heterosexual sodomy (oral and anal sex)- punishable by prison sentences ranging from 1 to 10 years. This crime was repealed...", "sources": [ { "id": "529857", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "US-WV - LEG - Laws of West Virginia (1976) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "307", "slug": "united-states-of-america-wisconsin", "displayName": "Wisconsin, United States of America", "country": "United States of America", "countryCode": "US", "jurisdictionId": "UN-185", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "US-WI", "name": "Wisconsin", "slug": "wisconsin", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1983, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "15", "18", "30", "43", "44", "46", "50", "51", "52", "56", "57" ], "summary": "In 1983 Wisconsin passed a law that legalised private, non-commercial acts of \"sodomy\" between consenting adults. However, in order for the law to obtain sufficient votes among legislators, *Section 944.01 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations* (1983) included a...", "sources": [ { "id": "529858", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "US-WI - LEG - Section 944.01 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations (1983) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "308", "slug": "united-states-of-america-wyoming", "displayName": "Wyoming, United States of America", "country": "United States of America", "countryCode": "US", "jurisdictionId": "UN-185", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "US-WY", "name": "Wyoming", "slug": "wyoming", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1982, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 0, "regionIds": [ "15", "18", "30", "43", "44", "46", "50", "51", "52", "56", "57" ], "summary": "A comprehensive revision of the state's sexual offences law was adopted in February 1977, resulting in the repeal of Wyoming's laws criminalising consensual same-sex sexual activity.\nHowever, according to GLAPN, \"common-law\" crimes, which included anal sex,...", "sources": [] }, { "id": "309", "slug": "uruguay", "displayName": "Uruguay", "country": "Uruguay", "countryCode": "UY", "jurisdictionId": "UN-186", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1934, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "12", "13", "18", "20", "29", "42", "44", "48", "50", "57" ], "summary": "A new *Penal Code* (1934) repealed the crime of sodomy as established under Article 278 of the previous *Penal Code* (1888, effective 1889). It bears mentioning that this provision was placed under the section on rape. This, together with other indicators in...", "sources": [ { "id": "529859", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "UY - LEG - Penal Code (1933) - OR-OFF(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" }, { "id": "529860", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "UY - LEG - Penal Code (1888) - OR(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" } ] }, { "id": "310", "slug": "uzbekistan", "displayName": "Uzbekistan", "country": "Uzbekistan", "countryCode": "UZ", "jurisdictionId": "UN-187", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "4", "name": "Up to 8 years imprisonment", "color": "#EDB795" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 3, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 1994, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "2", "5", "27", "36", "45", "46", "57" ], "summary": "Article 120 of the *Criminal Code* (1994) criminalises “besoqolbozlik” (homosexual intercourse), which is \"voluntary sexual intercourse of two male individuals\", with imprisonment up to 3 years. Although Article 120 only officially criminalises acts between...", "sources": [ { "id": "529861", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "UZ - LEG - Criminal Code (1994) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "UZ - LEG - Criminal Code (1994) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": null } ] }, { "id": "311", "slug": "vanuatu", "displayName": "Vanuatu", "country": "Vanuatu", "countryCode": "VU", "jurisdictionId": "UN-188", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "16", "19", "28", "37", "41", "57" ], "summary": "Soon after becoming an independent State in 1980, Vanuatu enacted its first Criminal Code (in force 1981), which did not criminalise same-sex sexual acts, but set the age of consent for at 18 years of age, while that for heterosexual sex was set at 15.\nThe...", "sources": [ { "id": "529862", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "VU - LEG - Consolidation of the Criminal Code (2006) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529863", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "VU - LEG - Penal Code (Amendment) Act (2006) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "312", "slug": "venezuela", "displayName": "Venezuela", "country": "Venezuela", "countryCode": "VE", "jurisdictionId": "UN-189", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1836, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 3, "regionIds": [ "12", "13", "18", "20", "29", "42", "44", "57" ], "summary": "Consensual same-sex sexual activity has not been criminalised since Venezuela enacted its first *Penal Code* (1836).\nFurthermore, in 1997, the Supreme Court of Venezuela declared the unconstitutionality of the *Law on Vagrants and Crooks* (1956), which had...", "sources": [ { "id": "529864", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "VE - LEG - Penal Code (2000) - OR(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" }, { "id": "529865", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "VE - LEG - Law on Vagrants and Crooks (1956) - OR-OFF(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" }, { "id": "529866", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "VE - JUD - Supreme Court Judgment No 0128 (2023) - OR (es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" } ] }, { "id": "313", "slug": "vietnam", "displayName": "Vietnam", "country": "Vietnam", "countryCode": "VN", "jurisdictionId": "UN-190", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "2", "22", "26", "34", "41", "57" ], "summary": "The current *Penal Code* (1999) makes no provisions to criminalise consensual same-sex sexual acts between adults. This has been the case since independence from France in 1945, and prior.", "sources": [ { "id": "529867", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "VN - LEG - Penal Code (1999) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "VN - LEG - Penal Code (1999) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": null } ] }, { "id": "314", "slug": "yemen", "displayName": "Yemen", "country": "Yemen", "countryCode": "YE", "jurisdictionId": "UN-191", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "death-penalty", "penalty": { "id": "7", "name": "Death Penalty", "color": "#A03E13" }, "deathPenalty": "Yes", "maxPrisonYears": 3, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 1994, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "2", "14", "17", "26", "45", "57" ], "summary": "Article 264 of the *Penal Code* (1994) criminalises liwat (sodomy), which is defined as “the contact of one man to another through his posterior”, and determines that “both sodomites whether males or females are punished with whipping of one hundred strokes...", "sources": [ { "id": "529868", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "YE - LEG - Penal Code (1994) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "YE - LEG - Penal Code (1994) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": null }, { "id": "529869", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "YE - LEG - Decree Law No 221 (1999) - OR(ar).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Arabic" } ] }, { "id": "315", "slug": "zambia", "displayName": "Zambia", "country": "Zambia", "countryCode": "ZM", "jurisdictionId": "UN-192", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "5", "name": "10 years to life in prison", "color": "#F5934B" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "Life in prison", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2005, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "1", "6", "23", "24", "31", "32", "37", "57" ], "summary": "Article 155 of the *Penal Code* (2005), as amended by Act No. 15 (2005), establishes that any person who \"has carnal knowledge of any person against the order of nature\" or \"permits a male person to have carnal knowledge of him or her against the order of...", "sources": [ { "id": "529870", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "ZM - LEG - Penal Code (2005) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529871", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "ZM - EXE - Ministerial Statement by Hon. Mwiimbu on LGBT (2022) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "316", "slug": "zimbabwe", "displayName": "Zimbabwe", "country": "Zimbabwe", "countryCode": "ZW", "jurisdictionId": "UN-193", "isUnMember": true, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "4", "name": "Up to 8 years imprisonment", "color": "#EDB795" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": 1, "maxPrisonLabel": "Years", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 2004, "hasFine": true, "hasEnforcement": true, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "1", "6", "23", "24", "31", "32", "57" ], "summary": "Article 73(1) of the Criminal Law (Codification and Reform) Act (*Act No. 23*) (2004) criminalises anal intercourse between males as well as “any act involving physical contact other than anal sexual intercourse that would be regarded by a reasonable person...", "sources": [ { "id": "529872", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "ZW - LEG - Criminal Law (Codification and Reform) Act (Act No. 23) (2004) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "317", "slug": "taiwan-china", "displayName": "Taiwan (China)", "country": "Taiwan (China)", "countryCode": "TW", "jurisdictionId": "S-1", "isUnMember": false, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1907, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "2", "26" ], "summary": "Explicit prohibitions of “consenting jijian (sodomy)” were abolished around 1912, when the Republic of China was established. The *Criminal Code of the Republic of China* (1954) contained no provisions prohibiting consensual same-sex sexual activity between...", "sources": [ { "id": "529873", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "TW - LEG - Criminal Code (1954) - OR(zh).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Chinese" } ] }, { "id": "318", "slug": "kosovo", "displayName": "Kosovo", "country": "Kosovo", "countryCode": "XK", "jurisdictionId": "N-1", "isUnMember": false, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1994, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "11", "27" ], "summary": "The *Criminal Code* (1994) that applied to the territory of the Republic of Kosovo repealed the 1951 Yugoslav provisions regarding same-sex sexual acts.", "sources": [ { "id": "529874", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "XK - LEG - Criminal Code (1994) - OR-OFF(sr).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Serbian" } ] }, { "id": "319", "slug": "palestine", "displayName": "Palestine", "country": "Palestine", "countryCode": "PS", "jurisdictionId": "N-2", "isUnMember": false, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": false, "status": "unclear", "penalty": { "id": "2", "name": "Criminalisation Varies", "color": "#D1D1D1" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "Varies", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 0, "regionIds": [ "2", "14", "17", "26", "45" ], "summary": "In Palestine, consensual same-sex sexual acts are legal in the West Bank, while the current legal situation in Gaza remains impossible to verify.\nFor more information, see the individual entries on Gaza and the West Bank.", "sources": [] }, { "id": "320", "slug": "palestine-gaza", "displayName": "Gaza, Palestine", "country": "Palestine", "countryCode": "PS", "jurisdictionId": "N-2", "isUnMember": false, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "PS-GZA", "name": "Gaza", "slug": "gaza", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "legal": false, "status": "unclear", "penalty": { "id": "8", "name": "Unclear", "color": "#909090" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "Unknown", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 1936, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "2", "14", "17", "26", "45" ], "summary": "Before the end of the British Mandate of Palestine, Section 152(2) of the British Mandate Criminal Code (*Ordinance No. 74*) (1936) stated that any person who: “(a) has carnal knowledge of any person against the order of nature”; or “(b) permits a male person...", "sources": [ { "id": "529875", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "PS - LEG - British Mandate Criminal Code (1936) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "321", "slug": "palestine-west-bank", "displayName": "West Bank, Palestine", "country": "Palestine", "countryCode": "PS", "jurisdictionId": "N-2", "isUnMember": false, "subjurisdiction": { "id": "PS-WBA", "name": "West Bank", "slug": "west-bank", "latitude": null, "longitude": null }, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1951, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "2", "14", "17", "26", "45" ], "summary": "The West Bank aligns with the *Jordanian Penal Code* (1951), where consensual same-sex sexual acts between adults have not been penalised under the law since 1951.", "sources": [ { "id": "529876", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "JO - LEG - Penal Code (1951) - TR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": "JO - LEG - Penal Code (1951) - TR(en).pdf", "enacted": null, "language": null } ] }, { "id": "322", "slug": "vatican", "displayName": "Vatican", "country": "Vatican", "countryCode": "VA", "jurisdictionId": "N-4", "isUnMember": false, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1890, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 0, "regionIds": [ "11", "46" ], "summary": "The State of the Vatican City became independent from Italy in 1929. Italy decriminalised consensual same-sex relations in 1890. No criminalising provisions have been enacted in the State since its independence.\nIn 2008, the \"Holy See\" (i.e., the sovereign...", "sources": [] }, { "id": "323", "slug": "american-samoa-usa", "displayName": "American Samoa (USA)", "country": "American Samoa (USA)", "countryCode": "AS", "jurisdictionId": "DT-1", "isUnMember": false, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1980, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "16", "56" ], "summary": "Public Law 16-43 (1979, in force 1980), repealed provisions from the *Criminal Justice Law* (1978) that criminalised “sodomy” between consenting adults in private.", "sources": [ { "id": "529877", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "US-AS - LEG - Criminal Justice Law - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "324", "slug": "anguilla-uk", "displayName": "Anguilla (UK)", "country": "Anguilla (UK)", "countryCode": "AI", "jurisdictionId": "DT-2", "isUnMember": false, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2001, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "3", "8", "13", "18", "30", "53" ], "summary": "The *Caribbean Territories (Criminal Law) Order* (2000) amended sodomy provisions in Anguilla, the British Virgin Islands, the Cayman Islands, Montserrat, and Turks and Caicos. The Order determined that “a homosexual act in private shall not be an offence...", "sources": [ { "id": "529878", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "GB - LEG - Caribbean Territories (Criminal Law) Order (2000) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "325", "slug": "aruba-netherlands", "displayName": "Aruba (Netherlands)", "country": "Aruba (Netherlands)", "countryCode": "AW", "jurisdictionId": "DT-3", "isUnMember": false, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1869, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "3", "10", "13", "18", "30", "55" ], "summary": "As in the case of Suriname, when these territories passed from British to Dutch control in 1816, the applicable law was that of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. However, although the Netherlands no longer criminalised same-sex sexual acts, historical evidence...", "sources": [ { "id": "529879", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "NL - LEG - Penal Code of the Netherlands Antilles (1869) - OR-OFF(nl).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Dutch" } ] }, { "id": "326", "slug": "bermuda-uk", "displayName": "Bermuda (UK)", "country": "Bermuda (UK)", "countryCode": "BM", "jurisdictionId": "DT-4", "isUnMember": false, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1994, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 3, "regionIds": [ "15", "18", "53" ], "summary": "An *Amendment Act* (1994) to the Bermuda *Criminal Code* (1907) introduced exceptions to Section 177 (“unlawful anal intercourse”) and Section 179 (“commission acts of gross indecency between male persons”), decriminalising such acts when they take place in...", "sources": [ { "id": "529880", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "BM - LEG - Criminal Code Amendment Act (1994) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529881", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "BM - LEG - Criminal Code Act (1907) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529882", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "BM - LEG - Child Safeguarding (Miscellaneous Amendments) Act (2019) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "327", "slug": "bonaire-sint-eustatius-and-saba-netherlands", "displayName": "Bonaire; Sint Eustatius and Saba (Netherlands)", "country": "Bonaire; Sint Eustatius and Saba (Netherlands)", "countryCode": "BQ", "jurisdictionId": "DT-5", "isUnMember": false, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1869, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "3", "8", "10", "13", "18", "30", "55" ], "summary": "As in the case of Suriname, when these territories passed from British to Dutch control in 1816, the applicable law was that of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. However, although the Netherlands no longer criminalised same-sex sexual acts, historical evidence...", "sources": [ { "id": "529883", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "NL - LEG - Penal Code of the Netherlands Antilles (1869) - OR-OFF(nl).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Dutch" } ] }, { "id": "328", "slug": "british-indian-ocean-territory-uk", "displayName": "British Indian Ocean Territory (UK)", "country": "British Indian Ocean Territory (UK)", "countryCode": "IO", "jurisdictionId": "DT-6", "isUnMember": false, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "1", "53" ], "summary": "The population of the territory is mainly composed of military personnel. The *Armed Forces Act* (2016) repealed Sections 146(4) and 147(3) of the *Criminal Justice and Public Order Act* (1994) that provisioned “homosexual acts as grounds for discharge from...", "sources": [ { "id": "529884", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "GB - LEG - Armed Forces Act (2016) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529885", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "GB - LEG - Criminal Justice and Public Order Act (1994) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "329", "slug": "british-virgin-islands-uk", "displayName": "British Virgin Islands (UK)", "country": "British Virgin Islands (UK)", "countryCode": "VG", "jurisdictionId": "DT-7", "isUnMember": false, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2001, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "3", "8", "13", "18", "30", "53" ], "summary": "The *Caribbean Territories (Criminal Law) Order* (2000) amended sodomy provisions in Anguilla, the British Virgin Islands, the Cayman Islands, Montserrat, and Turks and Caicos. The Order determined that “a homosexual act in private shall not be an offence...", "sources": [ { "id": "529886", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "GB - LEG - Caribbean Territories (Criminal Law) Order (2000) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "330", "slug": "cayman-islands-uk", "displayName": "Cayman Islands (UK)", "country": "Cayman Islands (UK)", "countryCode": "KY", "jurisdictionId": "DT-8", "isUnMember": false, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2001, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "3", "8", "13", "18", "30", "53" ], "summary": "The *Caribbean Territories (Criminal Law) Order* (2000) amended sodomy provisions in Anguilla, the British Virgin Islands, the Cayman Islands, Montserrat, and Turks and Caicos. The Order determined that “a homosexual act in private shall not be an offence...", "sources": [ { "id": "529887", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "GB - LEG - Caribbean Territories (Criminal Law) Order (2000) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "331", "slug": "cook-islands-new-zealand", "displayName": "Cook Islands (New Zealand)", "country": "Cook Islands (New Zealand)", "countryCode": "CK", "jurisdictionId": "DT-9", "isUnMember": false, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2023, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": 1969, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 3, "regionIds": [ "16", "19" ], "summary": "Prior to April 2023, Section 155 of the *Crimes Act* (1969) punished \"sodomy\", prescribing different penalties according to the specific nature of the crime. While sodomy committed on a female was punished with imprisonment for up to 14 years, sodomy in any...", "sources": [ { "id": "529888", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "CK - LEG - Cook Islands Crimes Act (1969) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529889", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "CK - LEG - Cook Islands Crimes Bill (2017) - OFF (en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529890", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "CK - LEG - Crimes (Sexual Offences) Amendment Bill (2023) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "332", "slug": "curacao-netherlands", "displayName": "Curacao (Netherlands)", "country": "Curacao (Netherlands)", "countryCode": "CW", "jurisdictionId": "DT-10", "isUnMember": false, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1869, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "3", "10", "13", "18", "30", "55" ], "summary": "As in the case of Suriname, when these territories passed from British to Dutch control in 1816, the applicable law was that of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. However, although the Netherlands no longer criminalised same-sex sexual acts, historical evidence...", "sources": [ { "id": "529891", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "NL - LEG - Penal Code of the Netherlands Antilles (1869) - OR-OFF(nl).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Dutch" } ] }, { "id": "333", "slug": "falkland-malvinas-islands-uk-argentina", "displayName": "Falkland/Malvinas Islands (UK/Argentina)", "country": "Falkland/Malvinas Islands (UK/Argentina)", "countryCode": "FK", "jurisdictionId": "DT-11", "isUnMember": false, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1989, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "12", "13", "18", "20", "53" ], "summary": "An amendment to the Islands’ *Crimes Ordinance* (2014) decriminalised same-sex sexual acts between adults in private in 1989.", "sources": [ { "id": "529892", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "GB - LEG - Crimes Ordinance Falkland Islands (2014) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "334", "slug": "faroe-islands-denmark", "displayName": "Faroe Islands (Denmark)", "country": "Faroe Islands (Denmark)", "countryCode": "FO", "jurisdictionId": "DT-12", "isUnMember": false, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1933, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "11" ], "summary": "Denmark decriminalised “intercourse against nature” in 1933 with the enactment of a new *Penal Code* (1930). The law automatically applied to the Faroe Islands, legalising same-sex sexual acts between adults there as well.", "sources": [ { "id": "529893", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "DK - LEG - Criminal Code (1930) - OR(da).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Danish" } ] }, { "id": "335", "slug": "french-guiana-france", "displayName": "French Guiana (France)", "country": "French Guiana (France)", "countryCode": "GF", "jurisdictionId": "DT-13", "isUnMember": false, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1817, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 0, "regionIds": [ "3", "9", "12", "13", "18", "29", "41", "54" ], "summary": "French Guiana came under French control in 1817. France repealed its anti-sodomy laws in 1791. At that time, a dual legal system was in place, whereby French citizens in the colonial territories were subject to French law, while non-citizens were subject to...", "sources": [] }, { "id": "336", "slug": "french-polynesia-france", "displayName": "French Polynesia (France)", "country": "French Polynesia (France)", "countryCode": "PF", "jurisdictionId": "DT-14", "isUnMember": false, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 0, "regionIds": [ "16", "19", "41", "54" ], "summary": "French Polynesia officially came under French control in 1842. France repealed its anti-sodomy laws in 1791. At that time, a dual legal system was in place, whereby French citizens in the colonial territories were subject to French law, while non-citizens...", "sources": [] }, { "id": "337", "slug": "gibraltar-uk", "displayName": "Gibraltar (UK)", "country": "Gibraltar (UK)", "countryCode": "GI", "jurisdictionId": "DT-15", "isUnMember": false, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1993, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "11", "53" ], "summary": "The *Criminal Offences (Amendment) Act* (1993) inserted exceptions to the crimes of “buggery” and “indecency between men”, decriminalising consensual same-sex sexual acts between adults in private.", "sources": [ { "id": "529894", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "GB-GI - LEG - Criminal Offences (Amendment) Act (1993) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "338", "slug": "greenland-denmark", "displayName": "Greenland (Denmark)", "country": "Greenland (Denmark)", "countryCode": "GL", "jurisdictionId": "DT-16", "isUnMember": false, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1933, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "15", "18" ], "summary": "There are no records that same-sex sexual acts were ever criminalised under Greenlandic Law. However, Danish law applied to people who were born in Denmark and lived in Greenland. It was not until 1933 that Denmark repealed Section 177 of the Danish *Penal...", "sources": [ { "id": "529895", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "DK - LEG - Criminal Code (1930) - OR(da).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Danish" } ] }, { "id": "339", "slug": "guadeloupe-france", "displayName": "Guadeloupe (France)", "country": "Guadeloupe (France)", "countryCode": "GP", "jurisdictionId": "DT-17", "isUnMember": false, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1816, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 0, "regionIds": [ "3", "9", "12", "13", "18", "41", "54" ], "summary": "Guadaloupe came under French control in 1816. France repealed its anti-sodomy laws in 1791. At that time, a dual legal system was in place, whereby French citizens in the colonial territories were subject to French law, while non-citizens were subject to...", "sources": [] }, { "id": "340", "slug": "guam-usa", "displayName": "Guam (USA)", "country": "Guam (USA)", "countryCode": "GU", "jurisdictionId": "DT-18", "isUnMember": false, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1977, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 3, "regionIds": [ "16", "19", "56" ], "summary": "*Public Law No. 13-185* (1976) established the *Criminal and Correctional Code* (1977) and repealed provisions that criminalised “sodomy” between consenting adults in private. The provisions were then incorporated as Title 9 of the \"Guam Code Annotated\"...", "sources": [ { "id": "529896", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "US-GU - LEG - Public Law No. 13-185 (1976) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529897", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "US-GU - LEG - Criminal and Correctional Code (1977) - OR-OFF(en).PDF", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529898", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "US-GU - LEG - Public Law No. 15-104 (1980) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "341", "slug": "guernsey-uk", "displayName": "Guernsey (UK)", "country": "Guernsey (UK)", "countryCode": "GG", "jurisdictionId": "DT-19", "isUnMember": false, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1983, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "11", "53" ], "summary": "Consensual same-sex sexual acts in private were decriminalised with the entry into force of the *Sexual Offences (Bailiwick of Guernsey) Law* (1983).", "sources": [ { "id": "529899", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "GB-GG - LEG - Sexual Offences (Bailiwick of Guernsey) Law (1983) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "342", "slug": "hong-kong-china", "displayName": "Hong Kong (China)", "country": "Hong Kong (China)", "countryCode": "HK", "jurisdictionId": "DT-20", "isUnMember": false, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1991, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "2" ], "summary": "In 1980, the Governor of Hong Kong directed the establishment of the Law Reform Commission of Hong Kong. That same year the Attorney General and the Chief Justice of Hong Kong asked the Commission to consider the study of laws governing homosexual conduct in...", "sources": [ { "id": "529900", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "HK - EXE - Report of the Law Reform Commission (1983) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529901", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "HK - LEG - Crimes Ordinance (1991) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "343", "slug": "isle-of-man-uk", "displayName": "Isle of Man (UK)", "country": "Isle of Man (UK)", "countryCode": "IM", "jurisdictionId": "DT-21", "isUnMember": false, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1992, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "11", "53" ], "summary": "The *Sexual Offences Act* (1992) decriminalised “buggery” in the territory when practiced in private and between consenting adults.\nPart 11 of the *Sexual Offences and Obscene Publications Act* (2021), titled \"Pardons and Disregards\", stipulates that persons...", "sources": [ { "id": "529902", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "GB-IM - LEG - Sexual Offences Act Isle of Man (1992) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529903", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "IM - LEG - Sexual Offences and Obscene Publications Act (2021) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "344", "slug": "jersey-uk", "displayName": "Jersey (UK)", "country": "Jersey (UK)", "countryCode": "JE", "jurisdictionId": "DT-22", "isUnMember": false, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1990, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "11", "53" ], "summary": "The *Sexual Offences (Jersey) Law* (1990) decriminalised consensual same-sex sexual acts in private.", "sources": [ { "id": "529904", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "GB-JE - LEG - Sexual Offences (Jersey) Law (1990) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "345", "slug": "macao-china", "displayName": "Macao (China)", "country": "Macao (China)", "countryCode": "MO", "jurisdictionId": "DT-23", "isUnMember": false, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1996, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "2" ], "summary": "In Macau, decriminalisation was brought about in 1996 with the entry into force of the *Penal Code* (1995, effective 1996), revoking the colonial Portuguese *Penal Code* (1886) which punished consensual same-sex sexual acts between adults.", "sources": [ { "id": "529905", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "MO- LEG - Penal Code (1995) - OR-OFF(pt).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Portuguese" }, { "id": "529906", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "PT - LEG - Penal Code (1886) - OR-OFF(pt).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Portuguese" } ] }, { "id": "346", "slug": "martinique-france", "displayName": "Martinique (France)", "country": "Martinique (France)", "countryCode": "MQ", "jurisdictionId": "DT-24", "isUnMember": false, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1815, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 0, "regionIds": [ "3", "9", "12", "13", "18", "29", "41", "54" ], "summary": "Martinique came under French control in 1815. France repealed its anti-sodomy laws in 1791. At that time, a dual legal system was in place, whereby French citizens in the colonial territories were subject to French law, while non-citizens were subject to...", "sources": [] }, { "id": "347", "slug": "mayotte-france", "displayName": "Mayotte (France)", "country": "Mayotte (France)", "countryCode": "YT", "jurisdictionId": "DT-25", "isUnMember": false, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 0, "regionIds": [ "1", "6", "41", "54" ], "summary": "Mayotte came under French control in 1843. France repealed its anti-sodomy laws in 1791. At that time, a dual legal system was in place, whereby French citizens in the colonial territories were subject to French law, while non-citizens were subject to local...", "sources": [] }, { "id": "348", "slug": "montserrat-uk", "displayName": "Montserrat (UK)", "country": "Montserrat (UK)", "countryCode": "MS", "jurisdictionId": "DT-26", "isUnMember": false, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2001, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "3", "8", "13", "18", "30", "35", "53" ], "summary": "The *Caribbean Territories (Criminal Law) Order* (2000) amended sodomy provisions in Anguilla, the British Virgin Islands, the Cayman Islands, Montserrat, and Turks and Caicos. The Order determined that “a homosexual act in private shall not be an offence...", "sources": [ { "id": "529907", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "GB - LEG - Caribbean Territories (Criminal Law) Order (2000) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "349", "slug": "new-caledonia-france", "displayName": "New Caledonia (France)", "country": "New Caledonia (France)", "countryCode": "NC", "jurisdictionId": "DT-27", "isUnMember": false, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 0, "regionIds": [ "16", "19", "41", "54" ], "summary": "New Caledonia officially came under French control in 1853. France repealed its anti-sodomy laws in 1791. At that time, a dual legal system was in place, whereby French citizens in the colonial territories were subject to French law, while non-citizens were...", "sources": [] }, { "id": "350", "slug": "niue-new-zealand", "displayName": "Niue (New Zealand)", "country": "Niue (New Zealand)", "countryCode": "NU", "jurisdictionId": "DT-28", "isUnMember": false, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2007, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "16" ], "summary": "The *Niue Amendment Act* (2007) repealed the “buggery” provision under Article 170 of the *Niue Act* (1966), thus decriminalising same-sex consensual relations between adults. (Note: conflicting reports with those received by ILGA in 2008 have indicated that...", "sources": [ { "id": "529908", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "NZ-NU - LEG - Niue Amendment Act (2007) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529909", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "NZ-NU - LEG - Niue Act (1966) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "351", "slug": "northern-mariana-islands-usa", "displayName": "Northern Mariana Islands (USA)", "country": "Northern Mariana Islands (USA)", "countryCode": "MP", "jurisdictionId": "DT-29", "isUnMember": false, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1983, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "16", "19", "56" ], "summary": "*Public Law No. 3-71* (1983) enacted the \"Criminal Code of the Commonwealth\" (1983) and repealed previous provisions that criminalised “sodomy” between consenting adults in private. The new Code defined “criminal sodomy” under section 408, as applying only to...", "sources": [ { "id": "529910", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "US-MP - LEG - Public Law No. 3-71 (1983) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "352", "slug": "pitcairn-islands-uk", "displayName": "Pitcairn Islands (UK)", "country": "Pitcairn Islands (UK)", "countryCode": "PN", "jurisdictionId": "DT-30", "isUnMember": false, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2001, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 0, "regionIds": [ "16", "19", "53", "56" ], "summary": "Like in other UK territories, same-sex sexual acts between adults in private were decriminalised in 2001.", "sources": [] }, { "id": "353", "slug": "puerto-rico-usa", "displayName": "Puerto Rico (USA)", "country": "Puerto Rico (USA)", "countryCode": "PR", "jurisdictionId": "DT-31", "isUnMember": false, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2003, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 3, "regionIds": [ "3", "8", "13", "18", "29", "56" ], "summary": "The US Supreme Court decision in *Lawrence v. Texas* (2003) decriminalised sodomy in the United States and US Territories and was applicable to Puerto Rico, repealing Article 103‘s “sodomy” provision of the *Penal Code* (1974). Interestingly, three days...", "sources": [ { "id": "529911", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "US - JUD (SC) - Lawrence v. Texas (2003) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529912", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "US-PR - LEG - Penal Code of Puerto Rico (1974) - OR-OFF(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" }, { "id": "529913", "order": 3, "section": null, "filename": "US-PR - LEG - Penal Code of Puerto Rico (2004) - OR(es).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Spanish" } ] }, { "id": "354", "slug": "reunion-france", "displayName": "Reunion (France)", "country": "Reunion (France)", "countryCode": "RE", "jurisdictionId": "DT-32", "isUnMember": false, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1791, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 0, "regionIds": [ "1", "6", "24", "41", "54" ], "summary": "France repealed its anti-sodomy laws in 1791. At that time, a dual legal system was in place, whereby French citizens in the colonial territories were subject to French law, while non-citizens were subject to local rules, creating an environment of great...", "sources": [] }, { "id": "355", "slug": "saint-barthelemy-france", "displayName": "Saint Barthélemy (France)", "country": "Saint Barthélemy (France)", "countryCode": "BL", "jurisdictionId": "DT-33", "isUnMember": false, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1878, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 0, "regionIds": [ "3", "9", "12", "13", "18", "29", "41", "54" ], "summary": "Saint Barthelemy came under French control in 1878. France repealed its anti-sodomy laws in 1791. At that time, a dual legal system was in place, whereby French citizens in the colonial territories were subject to French law, while non-citizens were subject...", "sources": [] }, { "id": "356", "slug": "saint-helena-ascension-and-tristan-da-cunha-uk", "displayName": "Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha (UK)", "country": "Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha (UK)", "countryCode": "SH", "jurisdictionId": "DT-34", "isUnMember": false, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2001, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 0, "regionIds": [ "1", "23", "25", "53" ], "summary": "Like in other UK territories, same-sex sexual acts between adults in private were decriminalised in 2001.", "sources": [] }, { "id": "357", "slug": "saint-martin-france", "displayName": "Saint Martin (France)", "country": "Saint Martin (France)", "countryCode": "MF", "jurisdictionId": "DT-35", "isUnMember": false, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1791, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 0, "regionIds": [ "3", "8", "9", "12", "13", "18", "29", "41", "54" ], "summary": "Although Saint Martin island was officially divided between France and The Netherlands in 1648, formalised in the Treaty of Concordia, there were moments of occupation of the Island by different countries between the XVII and XIX centuries, which may also...", "sources": [] }, { "id": "358", "slug": "saint-pierre-and-miquelon-france", "displayName": "Saint Pierre and Miquelon (France)", "country": "Saint Pierre and Miquelon (France)", "countryCode": "PM", "jurisdictionId": "DT-36", "isUnMember": false, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1814, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 0, "regionIds": [ "15", "18", "41", "54" ], "summary": "France repealed its anti-sodomy laws in 1791. At that time, a dual legal system was in place, whereby French citizens in the colonial territories were subject to French law, while non-citizens were subject to local rules, creating an environment of great...", "sources": [] }, { "id": "359", "slug": "sint-maarten-netherlands", "displayName": "Sint Maarten (Netherlands)", "country": "Sint Maarten (Netherlands)", "countryCode": "SX", "jurisdictionId": "DT-37", "isUnMember": false, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1869, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "3", "10", "13", "18", "30", "55" ], "summary": "Although the island of Saint Martin was officially divided between France and The Netherlands in 1648, formalised in the Treaty of Concordia, there were moments of occupation of the Island by different countries between the XVII and XIX centuries, which may...", "sources": [ { "id": "529914", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "NL - LEG - Penal Code of the Netherlands Antilles (1869) - OR-OFF(nl).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "Dutch" } ] }, { "id": "360", "slug": "south-georgias-and-sandwich-uk-argentina", "displayName": "South Georgias and Sandwich (UK/Argentina)", "country": "South Georgias and Sandwich (UK/Argentina)", "countryCode": "GS", "jurisdictionId": "DT-38", "isUnMember": false, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2001, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 0, "regionIds": [ "12", "13", "18", "20", "53" ], "summary": "Like in other UK territories, same-sex sexual acts between adults in private were decriminalised in 2001.", "sources": [] }, { "id": "361", "slug": "tokelau-new-zealand", "displayName": "Tokelau (New Zealand)", "country": "Tokelau (New Zealand)", "countryCode": "TK", "jurisdictionId": "DT-39", "isUnMember": false, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2007, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "16" ], "summary": "The *Niue Amendment Act* (2007) applied to Tokelau in accordance to the *Tokelau Islands Crimes Regulations* (1975), therefore extending the decriminalisation to this territory as well. (Note: conflicting reports with those received by ILGA in 2008 have...", "sources": [ { "id": "529915", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "NZ-NU - LEG - Niue Amendment Act (2007) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529916", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "NZ-TK - LEG - Tokelau Islands Crimes Regulations (1975) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "362", "slug": "turks-and-caicos-uk", "displayName": "Turks and Caicos (UK)", "country": "Turks and Caicos (UK)", "countryCode": "TC", "jurisdictionId": "DT-40", "isUnMember": false, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 2001, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 1, "regionIds": [ "3", "13", "18", "30", "53" ], "summary": "The *Caribbean Territories (Criminal Law) Order* (2000) amended sodomy provisions in Anguilla, the British Virgin Islands, the Cayman Islands, Montserrat, and Turks and Caicos. The Order determined that “a homosexual act in private shall not be an offence...", "sources": [ { "id": "529917", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "GB - LEG - Caribbean Territories (Criminal Law) Order (2000) - OR-OFF(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "363", "slug": "us-virgin-islands-usa", "displayName": "US Virgin Islands (USA)", "country": "US Virgin Islands (USA)", "countryCode": "VI", "jurisdictionId": "DT-41", "isUnMember": false, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": 1985, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 2, "regionIds": [ "3", "13", "18", "30", "56" ], "summary": "Sodomy provisions were repealed by *Law No. 5013* (1984) which entered into force in 1985, and modified Chapter 103, Title 14, of the *Virgin Islands Code*.", "sources": [ { "id": "529918", "order": 1, "section": null, "filename": "US-VI - LEG - Law No. 5013 (1984) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" }, { "id": "529919", "order": 2, "section": null, "filename": "US-VI - LEG - Virgin Islands Code (2021) - OR(en).pdf", "translatedFilename": null, "enacted": null, "language": "English" } ] }, { "id": "364", "slug": "wallis-and-futuna-france", "displayName": "Wallis and Futuna (France)", "country": "Wallis and Futuna (France)", "countryCode": "WF", "jurisdictionId": "DT-42", "isUnMember": false, "subjurisdiction": null, "legal": true, "status": "not-criminalised", "penalty": { "id": "1", "name": "No criminalisation", "color": "#FFF" }, "deathPenalty": "No", "maxPrisonYears": null, "maxPrisonLabel": "No", "decriminalizedYear": null, "illegalSince": null, "lastAmendedYear": null, "hasFine": false, "hasEnforcement": false, "sourceCount": 0, "regionIds": [ "16", "41", "54" ], "summary": "Wallis and Futuna officially passed to French control in 1842. France repealed its anti-sodomy laws in 1791. At that time, a dual legal system was in place, whereby French citizens in the colonial territories were subject to French law, while non-citizens...", "sources": [] } ] }